2009屆高三英語總複習之句子系列複習（1）
一、句子成分
主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east名詞） he likes dancing代詞）
twenty years is a short time in history. (數詞) seeing is believing. （動名詞）
to see is to believe不定式） what he needs is a book. （主語從句）
it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）
謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動作、狀態和特徵。
we study englishhe is asleep.
賓語：1）動作的承受者-----動賓
i like china. （名詞he hates you. （代詞）
how many do you need? we need two. （數詞）
we should help the old and the poori enjoy working with you. （動名詞）
i hope to see you again. （不定式） did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）
2） 介詞後的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓
are you afraid of the snakeunder the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）
he g**e me a book yesterdaygive the poor man some money.
定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、片語或句子。
miss yang is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） he is our friend. （代詞）
we belong to the third world. （數詞） he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）
the man over there is my old friend.(副詞) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
the boys playing football are in class 2現在分詞）
the trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）
i h**e an idea to do it well不定式）
you should do everything that i do定語從句）
狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式、讓步和伴隨。
（以下例句按上述順序排列）
i will go there tomorrowthe meeting will be held in the meeting room.
the meat went bad because of the hot weather. he studies hard to learn english well.
he didn』t study hard so that he failed in the exam. i like some of you very much
if you study hard, you will pass the exam. he goes to school by bike
though he is young, he can do it wellthe teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。
we elected him monitor. （名詞） we all think it a pity that she didn』t come here. （名）
we will make them happy. （形容詞） we found nobody in. ( 副詞 )
please make yourself at home. 介詞短語） don』t let him do that. （省to不定式）
his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）
don』t keep the lights burning. （現在分詞） i』ll h**e my bike repaired. （過去分詞）
主補：對主語的補充。
he was elected monitorshe was found singing in the next room.
he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
表語（predicative）: 系動詞之後的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特徵。
he is a teacher. （名詞seventy-four! you don』t look it. （代詞）
five and five is ten. （數詞he is asleep形容詞）
his father is in. （副詞the picture is on the wall介詞短語)
my watch is gone / missing / lost形容詞化的分詞）
to wear a flower is to say i』m poor, i can』t buy a ring. （不定式）
the question is whether they will come表語從句）
（常見的連繫動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）,
taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺） ...等等)
it sounds a good ideathe sound sounds strange.
her voice sounds sweettom looks thin.
the food smells deliciousthe food tastes good.
the door remains opennow i feel tired.
二、exercises：
（一）分析下列句子成分：
1. our school is not far from my home2. it is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. all of us considered him honest4. my grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. he broke a piece of glass6. he made it clear that he would le**e the city.
7. i love you more than her, child8. trees turn green when spring comes.
9. they pushed the door open10. grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. he wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.
all the students think highly of his teaching.
13. we need a place twice larger than this one. 14.
he asked us to sing an english song.
15. don't get nervous; help yourself to what you like. 16.
we will make our school more beautiful.
17. he didn't come. that is why he didn't know.
18. she showed us her many of her pictures.
19. the old man lives a lonely life20. i』ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
21. luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
22. the cars made in japan are better than those in germany．
23. there are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.
24. no matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.
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