英語句式型別
一、分類
1）按照句式結構分為三種：簡單句、並列句、復合句
2）按照句子功能分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句
第一節簡單句
一、定義：簡單句只包含乙個主語或並列主語和乙個謂語或並列謂語構成的句子，且句子的各個成分都是由單詞或短語來組成的。
二、分類：
型別1：s + v。 該句型中謂語動詞為不及物動詞，後面不可接賓語，但可接狀語或其他成分
例： nobody went out.
the children are playing.
we study hard.
型別2：s + v + o. 該句型中的謂語為及物動詞，後面必須接賓語，且只能接乙個賓語。
例：we love our country.
the old woman looks after the baby carefully.
he dreamed a terrible dream last night.
型別3：s + v + o(人) + o(物) 該句型中的動詞為雙賓語動詞，後面必須接兩個賓語。該類動詞主要有：
give, show, send, pass, lend, return, promise, owe; make, buy, do, fetch, paint, s**e, spare, find等
例：he g**e his sister the piano
he g**e the piano to his sister.
he bought his wife a coat
he bought a coat for his wife.
型別4：s + v + o + c 該句型中的謂語動詞後面必須接賓語，且還要用乙個補足語來補充說明賓語的狀態。
例：i found the book easy.
the teacher told us to study hard.
we heard him singing.
型別5：s + l + p 該句型中的l為系動詞，後常接表語。注意：1）該句型無被動；2）無進行；3）作非謂語時常用v-ing形式。
例：the flower is beautiful
he is a teacher.
系動詞分類：
1）變化系動詞：turn, become, grow, fall, get, go, come, run等
例：she becomes a lawyer.
she turns lawyer.
2）狀態系動詞：be, seem, remain, stay, stand, keep等
例：he always kept silent at meeting.
3）感官系動詞：feel, smell, sound, taste, look, appear等
例：the milk tastes sour.
the cloth feels soft.
4）終止性係動詞：prove, turn out等
例：his plan turned out a success.
第二節句子成分
在句子中起著不同語法作用的部分，叫做句子成分。句子成分有9種：主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語、同位語、插入語。
1、主語（subject）：表示句子描述的是「誰」或「什麼」，通常是謂語動詞的動作執行者。通常有名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、從句等充當。
the students worked very hard.
they are from america.
80% of the students in our class are girls.
to learn english is very difficult for us.
=it is difficult for us to learn english.
swimming in the lake is dangerous.
what he said is true
2、謂語動詞：什麼主語的動作或具有的狀態與特徵。
構成形式如下：
1）簡單謂語：由乙個動詞或動詞短語構成。
she practices speaking english every day.
the woman takes good care of the baby.
i h**e got rid of smoking.
2）復合謂語形式1：由情態動詞或助動詞+動詞構成。
you may go now.
he has caught a bad cold.
we are going to visit the old town tomorrow.
3）復合謂語形式2：由系動詞+表語構成。
we are students.
she becomes famous.
the little girl is afraid of the snake.
4）復合謂語形式3：情態動詞+系動詞+表語
it will be wasted.
he must be wrong.
we will be free tomorrow.
5）復合謂語形式4：被動句的謂語動詞。
mary was seen to swim across the river.
they were expected to finish the work as soon as possible.
3、表語：用來說明主語的身份、特徵和狀態的成分。一般在系動詞之後。
表語可由下列結構充當：名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語及表語從句。
the young man has turned thief.
all of these are yours.
the flower is beautiful.
the film is moving.
we are moved by the film.
her job is to look after the baby.
my job is teaching english.
tom was out then.
the fact is that he passed the exam successfully.
4、賓語：表示動作承受的物件。可由下列結構充當：名詞、代詞、數詞、動名詞、不定式、賓語從句等。
he bought a new car.
the he**y snow prevented her from going to school.
she enjoys listening to music.
i don』t know how to get there.
i think that he is old enough to join the army.
5、賓補：英語中有少數及物動詞後除了接乙個賓語外，還必須有乙個賓語補足語對賓語進行補充說明，這樣才能使句子的意義完整，這類動詞被稱為「復合及物動詞」，常見的動詞有：make, consider, find, get, h**e, let等。
the boss made us work 14 hours every day.
we found the dog lying on the ground.
we painted our house white.
we found him killed the next morning.
6、定語：用來修飾限定名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句。通常由下列結構充當：形容詞、分詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語等。
she is a beautiful girl.
my book is old.
more than 30 students in our class are from abroad.
he is the first to come and the last to le**e.
the teaching building is under construction.
the girl in white is my sister.
7、狀語：用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特徵的句子成分。通常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、名詞、形容詞或狀語從句等充當。
she used to sit for hours quietly.
he has lived in the countryside for 20 years.
the tree is too tall for the boy to climb up.
encouraged by the teacher, she made up her mind to learn english well.
wherever you go, whatever you do, i will wait for you.
8、同位語（appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數詞、代詞或從句來充當。
this is mr. zhou, our headmaster.
the question who should do the work is still in discussion.
9、插入語（parenthesis）：對一句話作一些附加的解釋；通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現在分詞或從句來充當。
to be frank, i don』t quite agree with you.
第三節並列句
一、概念：有兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起，構成的句子叫做並列句。
例：he made a promise, but he didn』t keep it.
1、並列句中兩個簡單句相互之間沒有結構的所屬關係，只是在語意上存在一定的聯絡。
2、並列連詞的確定取決於分句之間的語意關係
二、型別：1）順承並列句；2）轉折並列句；3）選擇並列句；4）因果並列句；5）條件或結果並列句
1、順承並列句：表示兩個同等的概念，常由：and, not only…but also等連線
例：they talked happily, and they forgot to cook supper.
not only did the students sing, but also the teacher sings.
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