英語句子成分及五種簡單句句型分析

2022-12-10 08:12:01 字數 4512 閱讀 2851

a句子成分

句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的,表達乙個完整的意義。乙個句子一般由兩部分組成,即主語部分和謂語部分,這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語等在句子中起一定功用的組成部分。

主語:主語是謂語講述的物件,表示句子所說的是「什麼人」或「什麼事物」,一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當於名詞的詞或短語等充當。主語一般在句首。

gina is from australia.

she often goes to the movies.

the classroom is very clean.

to teach them english is my job.

→it is my job to teach them english.

★不定式作主語時,常用形式主語it句型

(主語是gina, she, the classroom, to teach them english)

謂語:說明主語「做什麼」、「是什麼」或者「怎麼樣」。謂語(謂語部分裡主要的詞)必須用動詞。謂語和主語在「人稱」和「數」兩方面必須一致。謂語一般在主語後面。

we are both quiet.

he has a toothache.

she looks well.

we study hard.

we h**e finished the job.

he can speak english.

(謂語是are quiet; has a toothache; looks well; study; h**e finished; can speak)

表語:說明主語「是什麼」或者「怎麼樣」,由名詞、形容詞或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當,和系動詞一起構成謂語。一般在系動詞後面。

her mother is a bank clerk.

are you ready?

our country is getting stronger.

you look younger than before.

my book is on the desk.

everybody is here.

(表語:a bank clerk; ready; getting stronger; younger; on the desk; here)

賓語:表示動作、行為的物件,由名詞、代詞或相當於名詞的詞或短語等充當,和及物動詞一起說明主語「做什麼」。一般在謂語之後。或放在介詞後,做介詞的賓語。

all of us like him.

he』s playing soccer.

can i ask some questions?

she is playing the piano now.

he often helps me.

lucy likes to sleep in the open air.

we enjoy living in china.

(賓語是him; soccer; questions; the piano; me; to sleep; living)

有些動詞後面需要跟有雙賓語,間接賓語指人,直接賓語指物。這類動詞常見的有:give, buy, lend,pass,show, tell, sent, le**e等。如:

he bought me a book.

pass me the ball,will you?

定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當於形容詞的詞或短語等充當。

因為名詞、代詞既可做主語,又可做表語、賓語,所以定語的位置很靈活,凡有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。

i h**e something to do.

what』s your name, please ?

she』s a good basketball player.

the girl behind the tree is my sister.

the little boy g**e me a big apple.

the black bike is mine.

they made ***** flower.

(to do; your; good; behind the tree; little, big; black; *****)

狀語:用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞,一般表示行為發生的時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等意義,通常由副詞、介詞短語不定式或相當於副詞的詞或短語,或由連詞引導狀語從句等來充當。

(1)時間狀語

i often get up at 5:30 in the morning.我常常在早上5:30起床。

hearing the news, they felt very excited.聽到這個訊息,他們感到很興奮。

go along this street until you reach the end.沿著這條街走直到到達盡頭為止。

(2)地點狀語

pandas only live in china.熊貓僅生活在中國。

you should put the book where it was.你應該把這本書放回原來的地方。

(3)程度狀語

i h**e quite a lot of work to do.我有相當多的工作要做。

(4)目的狀語

we』ll go to the beach for a picnic this sunday.這個星期天我們將去沙灘野炊。

he took some change from his pocket to buy a news*****.他從口袋裡掏出一些零錢來買報

she got up early so that she could catch the first bus.她早早地起床以便能趕上這輛早車。

(5)方式狀語

we usually go to school on foot.我們通常步行去上學。

please do it as i told you.請按我告訴你的去做。

(6)伴隨狀語

she came in with a dictionary in her hand.

(7)讓步狀語

though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.雖然她很有錢,而她並不幸福。

no matter what happens, i will never lose heart.無論發生什麼,我將決不失去信心。

(8)條件狀語

if you don』t work hard, you』ll fall behind the others.假如你不努力學習你將落後於別人。

(9)結果狀語

he was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

補語:英語中有些句子只有賓語並不能表達完整的意思,還必須在賓語後加上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思。「賓語+賓語補足語」合稱復合賓語。

賓語補足語主要用來說明賓語的特徵、狀態或身份,主要由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞等充當。

i found it very difficult to find work.

the boss kept them working all day.

i saw a stranger enter the building.

if you let me go, i will make you king.

le**e the door open.

she ask me to lend her a hand.

(very difficult; working; enter the building; go, king; open; to lend her a hand)

同位語:位於名詞或代詞的後面,說明他們的性質和情況

we young people should respect the old.

he himself will finish it.

句子成分隨堂練習

找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分

weekiwentto the supermarket.

狀主謂狀

playwasveryinteresting.

主係狀表

heara word.

主謂賓talkingloudly.

主謂狀 主係表

upearlyon sundays.

主狀謂狀狀

7.ilooked atthe young womanangrily.

主謂賓狀

fewlines,butididn』t understanda word.

主謂定賓連主謂賓

holidayspassedquickly,butididn』t sendcardsto my friends.

主謂狀連主謂賓狀

upearlyandboughtthirtycards.

主謂狀連謂定賓

workingfor a big firmandhehasalreadyvisiteda great number ofdifferent

主謂狀連主謂狀謂定定

簡單句的5種結構及9種句子成分

一 句子的成分 一 句子各成分的定義 句子的組成部分,包括主語 謂語 賓語 定語 狀語 表語 補語 同位語和獨立成分9種.主語是句子敘述的主體,可由名詞 代詞 數詞 名詞化的形容詞 不定式 動名詞和主語從句等來承擔。謂語說明主語所發出的動作或具有的特徵和狀態。謂語由動詞來承擔。賓語是動作的物件或承受...

英語簡單句五種基本句型詳解

基本句型 英語句子成分的排列順序與漢語不同。漢語放在前面的,英語可能要放在後面 而漢語放後面的,英語可能放在前面。即使是同樣一句話,如果用詞不同,句中的次序也會有變化。比如,我每天騎自行車上學 可以表達為 i go to school by bike every day.也可以表達為 i ride ...

英語簡單句五種基本句型詳解

基本句型 英語句子成分的排列順序與漢語不同。漢語放在前面的,英語可能要放在後面 而漢語放後面的,英語可能放在前面。即使是同樣一句話,如果用詞不同,句中的次序也會有變化。比如,我每天騎自行車上學 可以表達為 i go to school by bike every day.也可以表達為 i ride ...