非謂語動詞在高考中的考點及易錯點
一.非謂語題的解題總方法與思路:
1.先看四個答案:如果四個答案分別為動詞原形、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等情況,那麼這個題多半是非謂語動詞題。
2.看符號:中間有個逗號,末尾有個句號(有時中間沒有逗號);
3.看有沒有連線詞(引導詞)。如果用逗號隔開的兩個部分都沒有連線詞的話,一部分是句子時,那麼另一部分就一定是非句子,而非句子裡的動詞就是非謂語動詞。
4.定語態:如果本句的主語(或動詞自帶的邏輯主語)與它是邏輯上的主謂關係,那麼答案一般用ving形式;如果本句的主語(或動詞自帶的邏輯主語)與它是邏輯上的動賓關係(被動關係),那麼答案一般用ved形式。
5.定時態:如果非謂語的動作比謂語先(或先很久)發生,那麼非謂語動詞要用完成式(to h**e done/to h**e been done/ h**ing done/ h**ing been done),否則我們要用非謂語的一般式(to do / to be done / doing / being done / done)。
eg.1for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.
a. being scolded b. h**ing been scolded c. to be scolded d. scolding 【1答案:b】
二.非謂語動詞可能出現的考查點及易錯點:
一).使用非謂動詞的語言結構。
1) 在「句子, and/or/but +句子」 的並列句結構中,可能會考查「以動詞原形開頭」的祈使句,四個答案表面上象非謂語,其實考查的是謂語。
2.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.
3.______hard or you will fail in the exam.
a. study b. to study c. studying d. studied 【2、3答案:aa】
2) 在「句子,非句子」結構中,非句子部分用非謂語:
4. the teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.
a. make b. to make c. ****** d. made 【4答案:c】
3) 在「非句子,句子」結構中,非句子部分用非謂語:
5with children, i know what is needed most.
a. working b. h**ing worked c. worked d. to work 【5答案:b】
4) 在「with + 賓語+ 賓語補足語」結構中,賓語補足語可能用非謂語動詞:
6. with her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man』s house.
a. sleep b. slept c. to sleep d. sleeping 【6答案:d】
7. with his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.
a. cut b. to be cut c. cutting d. to cut 【7答案:b】
5) 在drive/le**e/keep/make/h**e/let/get/find/hear…等使讓動詞或感觀動詞後面作賓語補足語時,也可能用非謂語動詞。
8. he made his sister ______ by taking away her toy.
9. his sister was made _______ by his taking away her toy.
a. cry b. to cry c. crying d. cried 【8、9答案: a b】
10. the policeman found the thief ______ his hand into an old man』s pocket and arrested him.
a. put b. putting c. to put d. being put 【10答案:b】
二). 非謂語動詞考點易錯點:
1) 表面上考分詞,實際上考形容詞的情況:
11he fell asleep quickly.
a. tire b. tiring c. tired d. to tire 【11答案:c】
man won a big prizeand
a. surprised ; happy b. surprising ; happy
c. surprised ; pleasant d. surprising ; pleased 【12答案:a】
13in thought of the problems, the man didn』t realize his girlfriend』s coming in.
a. losing b. lost c. to lose d. h**ing lost 【13答案:b】
14. the studentsin art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.
a. interest b. interesting c. interested d. to interest 【14答案:c】
2) 在「被動形式表主動」情況**題:
15a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.
a. worn b. wear c. dressed in d. dressing 【15答案:c】
(wear的後面加衣服;dress表示動作時,後面要加人而不加衣;be dressed in是固定搭配,其中的dressed已經演變成形容詞,本是其實可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而來的。)
16in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.
a. sit b. sat c. seating d. seated 【16答案:d】
(sit是動詞,這裡應該用sitting; seat作動詞時,其後不加凳子,要加人,而且這個詞一般用被動形式表示主動意義。)
3) 在「主動形式表被動」的情況**題:
17tired and weak, the woman should h**e a day off to see a doctor.
a. look b. looking c. looked d. looking 【17答案:d】
(look在本題中不是實意動詞,而是感觀系動詞,系動詞在非謂語中用主動式表被動。)
18. with many problemsthe newly selected president will h**e a hard time.
a. remain; unsettled b. remaining; unsettled
c. remained ; unsettling d. remained; unsettling 【18答案:b】
(用with開頭的部分在這裡是乙個介詞短語,不是句子,因此用非謂語,而remain表示「仍然;仍然是」時是系動詞,只能用主動形式;problems與unsettle是動賓關係或被動關係,所以用過去分詞unsettled.)
19. h**ing some clothesi cannot join you to see the film.
a. to wash b. to be washed c. washed d . washing 【19答案: a】
(賓語補足語中的動詞用非謂語動詞;雖然衣服應該是被洗,但是當句子主語與不定式為主謂關係時,我們用主動形式表被動。)
20smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.
a. to write b. writing c. being written d. written 【20答案 :b】
{20解析:動詞如果不是表示動作,而是表示物體具有某種性質或特徵時,往往用主動形式表示被動。}
4)從「主語一致或主語不一致」角度出題:
逗號分開的前後兩部分有時邏輯主語一致,有時邏輯主語不一致。邏輯主語不一致時,非謂語動詞一般要自帶邏輯主語,這種現象叫做「分詞的獨立主格結構。」
21from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.
a. to see b. seeing c. seen d. saw 【21答案:c】
{21解析:空格處的動詞本身沒有帶主語,那麼本句的主語the mountain就要做其邏輯主語,由於the mountain與see是動賓關係,所以我們選用過去分詞。}
22i'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案:c】
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