非謂語動詞

語法複習專題（9）

unit9 非謂語動詞

一、考點聚焦

1、非謂語動詞的句法功能

2、動詞不定式復心中應注意的幾個問題

（1）不定式作表語與「be + to do sth.」的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內容或性質。

his job is to guard.(說明內容)

be + to do sth.(表示按計畫要做的事)

（2）帶不定式作賓語的詞語。

下列詞語常不定式作賓語：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。

下列動詞後可接疑問詞+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。

（3）如何理解和使用不定式作賓補。

①動詞see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、h**e等的賓補用動詞原形，變被動時要加to,此時的不定式就是主語補足語。

②常用帶不定式作賓補的幾種情況：

主語 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + do sth.

③主語 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/

consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to h**e done

④主語 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.

（4）不定式作定語的特殊用法。

①下列詞語後常接不定式作定語：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。

②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關係。

there is no one to look after her.

③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關係。

she is now looking for a room to live in.

（5）不定式作狀語的用法。

不定式作狀語，修飾動詞，在句中表示行為目的、結果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的結果。

we hurried to the classroom only to find none there .

in order(not)to,so as(not)to用來引導目的狀語,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名詞… as to do作結果狀語，如:the girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.

i』m not such a fool as to believe that.

（6）不定式的完成時的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中謂語動詞發生的動作先於主句的謂語動詞發出的動作。

the novel was said to h**e been published.

i regret to h**e been with you for so many years.

seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等動詞常用於上面句型。

此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed後也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區別。

i』m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對不起，請稍等。（說話時還未等）

i』m sorry to h**e kept you waiting.對不起，讓你久等了。（說話時已等了很久）

②不定式的完成時還可表示「過去本想做某事但未做」的虛擬語氣。（a）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成時。（b）was / were to + 不定式的完成時，表示該做某事或想做但未實現。

（c）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成時，表示過去未曾實現的願望。

（7）不定式的省略。

①同一結構並列由and或or連線。

i want to finish my homework and go home.

i』m really puzzled what to think or say.

特例：to be or not to be,this is a question.

he is better to laugh than to cry.(表示對比)

②不定式作表語，其前面的主語從句中含有do時，後面的to省略。

what he did was lose the game.

③句中含有動詞do時，but、except、besides、such as等後面to可省略。即「前有do,後省to」。

don』t do anything silly, such as marry him.

④主句含有不定式，後面有rather than, rather than後省to。

⑤why not、had better、would rather、can』t but等詞後省to。如：

he could not but walk home.

（8）不定式的替代。

多用在同一句或聯絡緊密的對話中，為了避免重複，作賓語或主補，賓補的不定式再次出現時，to後的內容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動用的h**e或be任何形式，後應該保留原形be或h**e。如：

susan is not what she used to be.

—you came late last night. you ought to h**e finished your

homework.

—i know i ought to h**e.

常見的有：i』d like / love / be happy to.

3、動名詞複習中應注意的幾個問題

（1）動名詞作賓語。

①下列動詞後只能接動名詞：suggest, finish, **oid, stop, can』t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。

②下列動詞短語接動名詞：le**e off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, h**e trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介詞後要接動名詞。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介詞後接動名詞。注意on / upon doing sth.

= as soon as 引導的從中。作此意講時on / upon後也可以接名詞。如on his arrival…。

④動名詞作賓語和動詞不定式作賓語的區別：

begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can』t stand

remember, forget, regret, try

want, require, need

非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞

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