非謂語動詞的三種形式： 不定式、動名詞和分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞）
一、基本形式的變化：
不定式：
動名詞（具有動詞和名詞的性質）、
現在分詞（一般式表示的動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生）
（完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生）
過去分詞： done (表示在謂語動詞之前發生的動作，即：動作已完成 ，本身有被動的含義，只有一般式，沒有完成式) 如：
1. he found the le**es fallen. (已完成；發生在謂語動詞之前)
2. h**e you seen the word used that way before? (表被動)
二、句法功能
不定式：(句法功能)
1. to see is to believe. 2. it is right to give up smoking3. he wanted to go.
4. i find it interesting to study english5. he asked me to do the work with him.
6. he needs a room to live in. 7. i came here to see you.
8. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told the film stars had left.
動名詞：
1. collecting information is very important to business men. 2. her job is teaching.
3. he finished reading the book yesterday4. he has a reading room.
注意： 不定式與動名詞結構在意義上的區別
動名詞表示習慣性、抽象性的概念或已經成為過去的動作，不定式表示具體的或特定的動作也可表示現在或將來的動作
1. playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火；習慣性的動作)
2. to play with fire will be dangerous. (具體動作)
3. he has forgotten seeing me before. (過去的動作)
4. i must remember to remind john that the garden needs watering. (將來的動作)
分詞 (句法功能)
1. i like watching the children playing football. 2.
the question being discussed is important.
3. the man standing at the window is our teacher.
4. polluted air and water are harmful to people』s health5. the news is inspiring.
6. we saw the teacher ****** the experiment. 7.
being a student, i must study hard.
8. h**ing studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the place very well.
9. h**ing been criticized by the teacher, he g**e up smoking.
10. the teacher stood there surrounded by the students.
11. time permitting, i will finish another lesson.
注意：分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語保持一致，若不同時，分詞必須有自己的主語。
記憶非謂語動詞時，需牢記：
表示動作的全過程，表示意外的或不好的結果/事情；此外還可表示目的或將要發生的動作（i saw her buy an english-chinese dictionary.）
[, ]表示動作正在進行，表示主動
[, ]表示被動，表示動作已經完成
時，分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語保持一致，若不同時，分詞必須有自己的主語。
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