主謂一致講解2

2023-01-25 08:09:02 字數 4396 閱讀 3756

語法講解:主謂一致

在英語句子裡,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

一、語法一致原則

語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、複數形式上保持一致。

1. 以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為複數時,謂語動詞用複數形式。如:

his father is working on the farm. / to study english well is not easy. / what he said is very important for us all.

/ the children were in the classroom two hours ago. / reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意:由what引導的主語從句,後面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式,但若表語是複數或what從句是乙個帶有複數意義的並列結構時,主句的謂語動詞用複數形式。如:

what i bought were three english books. / what i say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2. 由連線詞and或both …… and連線起來的合成主語後面,要用複數形式的謂語動詞。如:

lucy and lily are twins. / she and i are classmates. / the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.

/ both she and he are young pioneers.

注意:(1)若and所連線的兩個詞是指同乙個人或物時,它後面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如:

the writer and artist has come. (2)由and連線的並列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:

every student and every teacher was in the room. / no boy and no girl likes it.

3. 主語為單數名詞或代詞,儘管後面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語為複數,謂語用複數形式。如:

mr. green, together with his wife and children, has come to china. / nobody but jim and mike was on the playground.

/ she, like you and tom, is very tall.

4. either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數看待。如:

each of us has a new book. / everything around us is matter.

注意:(1)在口語中當either或neither後跟有「of+複數名詞(或代詞)」作主語時,其謂語動詞也可用複數。如:

neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of後面的名詞是不可數名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它後面的名詞是複數,它的謂語動詞用單數或複數都可以。如:

none of us has (h**e) been to america.

5. 在定語從句時,關係代詞that, who, which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如:

he is one of my friends who are working hard. / he is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用複數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。

如:class four is on the third floor. / class four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作複數。如:the police are looking for the lost child.

7. 由「a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞」構成的短語以及由「分數或百分數+名詞」構成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。如:

there are a lot of people in the classroom. / the rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意:a number of「許多」,作定語修飾複數名詞,謂語用複數;the number of「……的數量」,主語是number,謂語用單數。

8. 在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如:

there comes the bus. / on the wall are many pictures. / such is the result.

/ such are the facts.

二、邏輯意義一致原則

邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數,但意義為複數;有時形式為複數,但意義為單數)。

1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數,也可是複數,主要靠意思來決定。如:

which is your bag? / which are your bags? / all is going well.

/ all h**e gone to beijing.

2. 表示「時間、重量、長度、價值」等的名詞的複數作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式,這是由於作主語的名詞在概念上是乙個整體,如:thirty minutes is enough for the work.

3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的複數形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如:

「the arabian nights」 is an interesting story-book.

4. 表數量的短語「one and a half」後接複數名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞可用單數形式(也可用複數。如:

one and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

5. 算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待,其謂語動詞採用單數形式。如:

twelve plus eight is twenty. / fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

6. 一些學科名詞是以 –ics 結尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬於形式上是複數的名詞,實際意義為單數名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。

如:the ***** works was built in 1990. / i think physics isn『t easy to study.

7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用複數,但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。如:

my glasses are broken. / the pair of shoes under the bed is his.

8. 「定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞」,表示某一類人時,動詞用複數。

三、就近一致原則

在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。

1. 當兩個主語由either …… or, neither …… nor, whether …… or ……, not only …… but also連線時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如:

either the teacher or the students are our friends. / neither they nor he is wholly right. / is neither he nor they wholly right?

2. there be句型be動詞單複數取決於其後的主語。如果其後是由and連線的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。

如:there are two chairs and a desk in the room.

注意:here引導的句子用法同上。

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