一、 主語和謂語必須在人稱上一致
eg: the results of exam show that you』ve all made good progress.
the questions raised by mr. white are very important.
the building among the trees is our pubilc library.
2. 如果主語表示乙個抽象感念，一般用單數謂語
eg: growing flowers is no easy job.
that we h**e made amazing achievements is an undeniable fact.
3. 當主語中包含and時，若指的是乙個東西，可用單數謂語，若指的是兩樣東西，則需用複數謂語。
eg: the iron and steel indusry plays an important part in our national economy.
to try and fail is better than not to try all.
to mean to do something and to actually do something are different things.
4. 如果主語是單數，儘管後面跟有with， togrther with，as well as, but except 等詞引起的短語，謂語仍用單數形式，因為這類短語多用作修飾語。
eg: an iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, is being built in the city.
an expert, together with some assitants ,was sent there to help in the work.
二、 主謂一致的原則
主謂一致是指乙個句子的主語和謂語動詞保持人稱和數的一致。乙個句子中主、謂一致，通常遵循三個基本原則：語法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；鄰近一致，即指謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致。
1. 語法一致原則
在通常情況下，乙個句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致，即主語為單數形式，謂語動詞取單數形式；主語為複數形式，謂語動詞取複數形式。
this exercise on english idioms is not easy.
the visitors are interested in the great wall.
the man with many students around him is a professor.
2. 概念一致原則
(1) 主語是抽象概念、短語或從句，謂語用單數形式。
to tell lies is wrong.
how this happened is not clear to anyone.
注：用what或which引導的主語從句或簡單句中的數的概念取決於它所代表的事物。
which is your seat?
which are your seat?
what she did is not yet know.
what they g**e me as reward are some books.
(2) 兩個或兩個以上的主語用and 和 both連線時，謂語動詞用複數形式。
(3) 如果and所連線的主語指同乙個人，或者同一樣東西，謂語動詞用單數形式。
3. 鄰近一致原則
由 not only …but also, neither…nor, either…or, or 連線的並列主語，其謂語的數與鄰近的主語保持一致。
not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.
neither he or i am mistaken.
either he or you are to go there.
are you or he right?
三、 主謂一致的常見情況
1． 單數名詞由and連線
兩個或兩個以上由and連線起來並列做主語時，謂語動詞用複數。
2. and連線的兩個名詞表示同乙個人或物時，謂語動詞用單數。
all work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。
3. toursers等做主語
由兩個相同部分連線成一體的表示衣物或工具等的複數名詞，trousers, shoes, glasses, chopsticks等單獨做主語時，謂語動詞一般用複數；單如果與 「a pair of」 等表示數量單位的短語一起構成主語時，謂語動詞則由兩次的單複數來確定。
my trousers are on the bed.
a pair of trousers is on the bed.
two pairs of trousers are on the bed.
4. 由介詞、介詞片語和某些連線詞的兩個並列名詞或代詞做主語，如 as well as, as much as, rather than, no less than, together with ,more than, along with, besides, including, in addition to, not …, with, except, but, like等，謂語動詞應與前面真正的主語保持一致。
i together with my parents am going to visit uncle smith.
a library with five thousand books ____ by the nation as a gift.
a. is offered b. has offered c. are offered d. h**e offered
no one but jone and jim was there yesterday.
5. 不定代詞none以及由「none/either/neither +of +複數名詞（或代詞）」構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞單複數均可，著取決於說話人的側重意義。
none knew when that was. (強調所有人)
none is so good as he. （強調每乙個人）
neither of them h**e replied.（強調他們兩個都沒有答覆）
neither of them had replied. （強調他們兩個誰也沒有答覆）
6. 數詞作主語時，謂語用單數，但在四則運算中，謂語單複數均可。
ten is a round number.
ten times five is/are fifty.
7. 「分數（百分數）+ of + 名詞」作主語時，謂語動詞的數依據of 後的名詞的數而定。
8. 表示部分概念或不定數量的名詞代詞作主語，如half of,most of, the rest of , the remineder of, lots of等，謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的數而定。
9. all, any,some 作主語，謂語的數應根據所指的具體事物而定。
all are present.
all that can be done has been done.
10. each 修飾名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。但each若位於複數主語後或句末作同位語，謂語用複數。
each student has a dictionary.
each of the students has a dictionary.
the students each h**e a dictionary.
the students h**e a dictionary each.
11. news, maths, physics 等名詞雖然是複數形式，但表示單一概念作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
no news has come from him.
maths is easy to learn to some students.
12. 表示時間、距離、重量、金錢等的複數名詞作主語時，若作為乙個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數，若側重個體，謂語動詞用單數。
ten years is a very short time.
a hundred miles has covered.
three years h**e passed since he left.
13. 「more than one + 單數名詞」 作主語，謂語用單數。但「more + 名詞複數+than one」作主語，謂語用複數。
more than one person agrees with you.
more people than one h**e made the suggestion.
14. everybody, everyone, anyone, someone等復合代詞作主語，謂語用單數。
15. 「this kind of + 名詞複數」作主語，謂語用單數。但「名詞複數+of this kind」作主語，謂語動詞用複數。
this kind of apples sells well in the market.
apples of this kind sell well in the market.
主謂一致真題：
1. neither jone nor i ____ able to persuade richard』s grandfanter to attend the wedding. (2003.
11)a. am b. are c. are able to d. is
2. classes _____, the students left for home without delay. (2004.4)
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