主謂一致中考語法比備

2023-01-24 11:12:05 字數 4592 閱讀 6325

主謂一致

概述:第一節:並列結構作主語時主語與謂語的一直關係

1) 由and 連線兩個名詞或代詞作主語時

2) 由or; not only… but(also)…; either… or; neither… nor 連線主語時

3) 當主語後面跟有with等詞時

第二節:單一主語情況

1)以複數形式結尾的名詞作主語時和謂語的一致關係

2)動名詞、不定式、從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數

3)集體名詞作主語時的情況

第一節並列結構作主語時主語與謂語的一直關係

1)由and 連線兩個名詞或代詞作主語時a and b 可分為四種情況:

a. a, b表示不同的人、物或概念時

其中由both…and作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。

b.a, b表示同一人、物或概念時,謂語動詞用單數形式。

a journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.

乙個新聞記者兼作家的人住在六樓。

(同乙個人只能用乙個冠詞,如果時不同的兩個人就要用兩個冠詞。)

c. 當and連線幾個單數主語,主語由each, every, many a, no 等修飾語時,謂語動詞要用單數。

each boy and each girl is invited.每乙個男孩和每一女孩都受到了邀請。

every boy and girl is invited. 所有的男孩和女孩都受到了邀請。

no boy and no girl is there now. 現在那兒沒有任何男孩女孩。

many a boy and many a girl has been invited.許多男孩和女孩都被邀請了。

d. a,b 為兩個不可分的東西時,謂語動詞用單數。

a law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.一項關於環保的法規已制定出來。(視為一件事)

表示乙個整體的「a and b」 有以下名詞

law and rule 法規

fish and chips 炸魚加炸薯條

knife and fork 刀叉

a horse and carriage馬車

2) 由or; not only…but(also)…; either…or; neither…nor連線主語時,謂語動詞與最靠近的主語一致。

either you or i am mad. 不是你瘋了,就是我瘋了。

neither you nor he is naughty.你和他都不調皮。

not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.(family在此強調家庭成員,所以其後謂語動詞要用複數。)

4) 當主語後跟有下列詞時

構成句型:a + (上列詞)+ b + 謂語動詞;

此時謂語動詞不受這些片語影響,僅和第乙個主語a保持一致。

例:all but one were here just now.所有人除了乙個人之外剛才都在這兒。

she as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket.

the father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.

(重要:與rather than連用時,相當於連詞,通常用於平行結構中,意為「不是......而是……」或「與其說……不如說……」。)

第二節單一主語情況

一.以複數形式結尾的名詞作主語時和謂語的一致關係

1)有些表示學科名稱的詞如 physics, maths, economics, news, politics, athletics體育,gymnastics 體操,等詞形式上是複數,但意思上時單數。他們做主語時謂語動詞用單數。

2)means(方法)、works(工廠)、crossroads(十字路口)等作主語,謂語動詞既可以用單數,也可以用複數。

3)表示雙部分工具、衣服名稱等作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式。

如以下名詞:

注意:如果這些詞由the/this/that pair (suit, piece, series, kind)+of修飾時,謂語動詞要用單數。變複數時,對pair, suit, piece, kind, series等詞進行變化,此時謂語動詞相應用複數形式。

my trousers are white and his clothes are black.

all the goods are very expensive.

a pair of scissors is lying in the drawer.

these kinds of glasses are popular this summer.

二.動名詞、不定式、從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數。

to see is to believe.百聞不如一見。

swimming is a good way to keep health.

who is her father is not known.

三.集體名詞作主語

1)mankind/humanity/man作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。

only man knows how to read.

2)由people(人們), police, cattle, youth(年輕人)等集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式。

the youth of our country are happier than the other people.

3) 以下集體名詞做主語時:

1 若他們所表示的人或物被當作整體來看,謂語動詞用單數形式。

2 若它們表示的人或事物被當作個體來看,謂語動詞則用複數形式。

his family was poor and he used to wear old clothes.他家以前很窮,他常常穿舊衣服。

when i came into the room, his family were watching tv.

(the members of his family were watching tv.)

the population of china is very large, but 80 percent of the population live in rural area.

三.其他情況

1)主語表示距離、時間、長度、價值、金額、重量等複數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式。數詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用複數。

two kilometers is not very far. 兩公里不算遠。

five dollars seems a fair price.五美元似乎合適。

two hours is enough.

2) 「one/ every one/ each one/ each/ anyone + of + 複數名詞」這以結構作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。此句中,of 後的複數名詞不是主語,是of的介詞賓語,of前的部分才是真正的主語。

each of them has a number.他們每個人都有乙個號碼。

3)「neither/ either/ none + of +不可數名詞」(謂語動詞用單數)

「neither/ either/ none + of + 名詞複數、複數代詞」(謂語動詞用單復均可)

none of that money(不可數) in the desk is his.

none of his classmates(可數) knows/ know(單復均可)the truth.

neither of them is/ are right. 他們倆都不對。

4)「分數/百分數 + of + 名詞/代詞」作主語時,謂語動詞的數與of 後面的名詞或代詞的數保持一致。

three-fourths of the su***ce of the earth is sea.

(the su***ce of the earth 與 is 保持數的一致)

two-thirds of the youth support the plan.

(the youth 與support 保持數的一致。the youth 見集體名詞用法)

5) 「more than one (單數名詞 )+ 謂語動詞單數

more than two (複數名詞) + 謂語動詞複數 」

more than two white roses h**e bloomed.

more than one white rose has bloomed.

不只一朵白玫瑰開了。

5) 「a great/good many of+複數名詞」 + 謂語動詞用複數

「 a (great) number of+複數名詞」 + 謂語動詞用複數

表示 「許多的,大量的」

「the number of +可數名詞單數/ 不可數名詞」+ 謂語動詞用單數

表示「(某物) ……的數量」

6) the + 形容詞,表示一類人——謂語動詞用複數

the + 形容詞,表示一類物——謂語動詞用單數

例:the rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.富人們支援這項決議,而窮人們反對它。

主謂一致倒裝

一 主語和謂語必須在人稱上一致 eg the results of exam show that you ve all made good progress.the questions raised by mr.white are very important.the building among ...

主謂一致 1

majority作主語時的主謂一致問題 majority表示 大多數 時,為集合名詞 單獨用作主語時,如果強調整體,謂語動詞用單數形式 如果強調個體,謂語動詞用複數形式。如 the majority agree agrees with me.大多數人同意我的意見。the majority was w...

主謂一致講解

特別提醒 1 what和whatever引導主語從句時謂語動詞的單複數根據從句所表達的意義上的數確定。what he says and does do not agree.他言行不一致。what he says and does does not concern me.他的言行與我無關。2 在定語從...