用來修飾主句中的動詞,形容詞或副詞等而充當狀語的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句常用從屬連詞來引導,與主句連線起來。若置於句末,則前面不加逗號。
根據意義和作用,狀語從句可分為時間原因條件等幾種。下面我們就來分析一下這幾種狀語從句。
1 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句常用從屬連詞when, after, until, as soon as, 等來引導。
當主句是祈使句或謂語動詞是一般將來時態或情態動詞時,其時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞常用一般現在時態表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態。這就是我們常說的「主將從現」。
如:please call me when you get there. 當你到那時,請給我打個**。
i will write to you as soon as i arrive in beijing. 我一到北京就給你寫信。
《溫馨提示》 since 引導時間狀語從句表示「自從…以來」,從句中的動詞一般表示動作的起點,用過去時;而主句的動作延續的情況則用一般現在時或現在完成時。常用的句型為:
it has been/ is + 一段時間+ since + 過去時。
如:i has been/ is three years since we met last time. 自從我們上次見面,已經三年了。
2 條件狀語從句
引導條件狀語從句的連詞或片語有:if (如果), unless(除非), as long as(只要)等。如果主句是將來時,條件狀語從句也用一般現在時來表示。
如:i will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我就待在家。
you can』t learn english well unless you work hard.
除非你努力學習,否則是學不好英語的。
《溫馨提示》 由if 引導的條件狀語從句,若從句表達的是與現在事實相反的事實,則常用虛擬語氣,即用過去時態表示(如果涉及到be動詞,一律都用were)。此時,主句則用過去將來時。
如:if i had enough money, i would buy it for you. 如果我又足夠的錢,我將把它買給你。
i wouldn』t do it if i were you. 如果我是你,我是不會做的。
3 原因狀語從句
because, since, as, for 都可用來引導原因狀語從句,那麼它們又有哪些區別呢?
① because 用來表示「造成某種結果的直接原因」,語氣較濃,常用來回答why提出的問句。如:
--- why are you late?
--- because my bike is broken.
② as 和since用來表示「看的到的或是不說也知道的原因」,since 也可譯作:「既然」。
如:as he is old enough, let him do it. 他既然長大了,就讓他幹吧!
since his shoes are worn out, let』s buy him a new pair.
既然他的鞋壞了,那我們就給他買雙新的吧。
③ for 引導的原因狀語從句不置於句首,常用來表示「順便提及的理由」,只是稍帶說明原因,並非強調。
如:i must stay here, for it』s raining so hard. 我必須得待在這兒,因為雨下的很大。
當然,除了以上提到的幾種狀語從句之外,我們還學過由than 引導的比較狀語從句,由so …that 引導的結果狀語從句等。在具體作題時,只要保持清醒地頭腦,仔細地審題,冷靜的分析,相信會取得好成績!怎麼樣,來幾道練習題挑戰一下吧!
真題鏈結
( )1. you』ll do much better _____ you』re more careful with your spelling.
a. if b. before c. although d. unless (2006 陝西)
( )2. _____ you told me, i heard nothing of what happened.
a. until b. after c. if d. since (2006 濰坊)
( )3. i don』t understand the text______ there are few new words in it.
a. so b. because c. if d. though (2006 青島)
( )4. i sit in the front of the classroom ______ i can hear clearly.
a. so that b. when c. in order (2006 青海)
( )5. ---come and join us, jimmy!
--- i』m sorry, but i 『m really busy now. if i ______time, i would certainly go.
a. will h**e b. h**e had c. had d. h**e (2006 河南)
( )6. --- would you please give this message to jay when he
--- yes, i will.
a. will come b. would come c. comes d. is coming (2006 杭州)
( )7. if you don』t go to the meeting tomorrow
a. he will, too b. he won』t, either
c. he does, too d. he doesn』t, either (2006 重慶)
( )8. ---did d**id go to school yesterday?
---no, ______he had a bad cold.
a. because b. if c. though (2006 佛山)
( )9. most people ______when the big earthquake took place in that area.
a. are sleeping b. were sleeping c. slept d. sleep. (2006 上海)
( )10. if _______sunny tomorrow, i________ fishing in south lake.
a. is, go b. will be, go c. is, will go d. will be, will go (2006 昆明)
大顯身手
單項選擇
( ) know nothing about the news _____ my friend told me yesterday.
a. because b. since c. until d. after
( )12. i will tell him if i _______ him.
a. saw b. will see c. seeing d. see
( )13. i am sleepy ______ i didn』t sleep well last night.
a. when b. that c. because d. so
( )14. they won』t be back until the work________.
a. do b. does c. is done d. will do
( )15.--- when will you call me?
--- i will call you as soon as _______ in shanghai.
a. arrive b. arrives c. arriving d. will arrive
( )16. i』ll go to cinema this sunday
a. if it will be sunny b. if i』m free
c. when i h**e no time d. because i』m busy.
( )17. don』t worry. i』ll tell mrs. white _____she comes back.
a. when b. how c. why d. where
( )18. _______he studies hard, _______he doesn』t pass the exam.
a. though, but b. though, / c. but, though d. but, /
( )19. it has been two months since i ______my hometown.
a. le**e b. will le**e c. left d. h**e left
( )20. the coat is ______ expensive _____ i can』t afford it.
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