被動語態學習

2023-01-24 17:03:03 字數 4587 閱讀 8892

【課前測試】(選擇填空)

( ) bridge over the river _____ three years ago.

a. is finished b. finished c. was finished d. has finished

( ) bridge _____ in three weeks

a. will buildb. is built c. will be built

( ) league _____ in may, 1922

a. found b. was found c. founded d. was founded

( ) old men and the children must _____ in our country.

a. take good careb. be taken good care

c. take care ofd. be taken good care of

( ) radio can _____ in two days

a. mend b. be mend c. be mended d. mended

【識記要點】

中考英語專項複習——被動語態篇

i.被動語態的構成及其用法

(一) 被動語態的構成

1.被動語態的基本結構為:be + 動詞過去分詞

2. 各種時態的主動、被動語態結構(以動詞do為例)列表如下:

(二) 被動語態的用法

被動語態中主語是動作的承受者,主要用於下列幾種情況。

1. 不知道動作的執行者是誰。 the window was broken yesterday.

2. 沒有必要指出動作的執行者是誰。many tall buildings are built in our city every year.

3. 需要強調或突出動作的承受者。 english is taught in our school.

4. 動作的發出者不是人。 most of the houses were destroyed in the earthquake.

ii.主動語態和被動語態的轉換

(一) 主動語態變被動語態

1. 要將主動句裡的賓語成分變為被動句中的主語成分,若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞,要將賓格變為主格。

2. 把主動句中的主語變為被動句中的賓語,主格變為賓格,並由by引導。

3. 謂語動詞變成相應的被動形式。

we asked him to sing an english song.

he was asked to sing an english song by us.

(二) 帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變為被動語態

謂語動詞帶雙賓語時, 既可以將間接賓語轉化成主語,也可將直接賓語轉化成主語。若將間接賓語轉化成主語,則保留直接賓語;若將直接賓語轉化為主語則保留間接賓語,且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。

she g**e me a book.(變為被動語態)

i was given a book.(間接賓語改為主語)

a book was given to me.(直接賓語a book改為主語)

(三) 短語動詞變為被動語態

許多由不及物動詞構成的短語動詞,相當於及物動詞,可以有賓語,也可以有被動語態。注意:短語動詞是乙個不可分割的整體,在變為被動語態時,不可丟掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。

we should take good care of the children. (變為被動語態)

the children should be taken good care of.(of不可省略)

(四) 帶復合賓語的動詞變為被動語態

賓語加上賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。變被動語態時,只把賓語變為被動句的主語,賓語補足語保留在原處,成為主語補足語。

i saw some boys playing football on the playground.(變為被動語態)

some boys were seen playing football in the playground.

(五) 被動語態後動詞形式的選擇

主動句中的感官動詞see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等以及使役動詞let,make, h**e等,動詞後跟省略to的不定式,變為被動句時,應加上不定式符號to。

the boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.(變為被動語態)

the workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss.

we often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.(變為被動語態)

the girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.

易混點清單

被動語態的一些特殊的運用形式

i.主動結構表示被動意義

1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物,可用主動語態表示被動意義。

this kind of pen writes very smoothly. 這種比寫起來很流暢。

this kind of shirts sells well here. 這種式樣的襯衫在這裡很好賣。

2. look, sound, taste, smell等系動詞用主動結果表示被動意義。

school uniforms look good on us. 我們穿著校服很好看。

the cake smells delicious. 那個蛋糕聞起來很香。

3. be worth doing中,doing表示被動意義。

this film is worth seeing. 這部電影值得一看。

4. want / need / require + doing相當於want / need/ require + to be done。to be done表示不定式的被動結構。

my bike needs repairing. = my bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行車需要修理。

ii.不用被動語態的情況

1.主動句的賓語是each other或反身代詞時,不能用於被動語態。

the man introduced himself as mr. white.(主動語態)

那個人自我介紹說他是懷特先生。

himself was introduced as mr. white.(誤)

they help each other study english.(主動語態)他們互相幫助學習英語。

each other is helped to study english.(誤)

2. 當主動句的謂語動詞是表示狀態的及物動詞時,不能用於被動語態。

we will h**e a meeting.(主動語態) 我們打算開乙個會議。

a meeting will be had by us.(誤)

3.主動句的賓語是不定式或doing時,不能用作被動語態的主語。

my mother enjoys watching tv.(主動語態) 我媽媽喜歡看電視。

watching tv is enjoyed by my mother.(誤)

he asked to h**e a try.(主動語態) 他請求試一下。

to h**e a try was asked.(誤)

iii.被動語態和係表結構的區別

1. 被動語態表示以主語為承受者的動作;而係表結構則表示主語的特點或所處的狀態。

this shop is closed at nine o'clock.(動作) 這家商店九點關門。

this shop is closed today. (狀態) 這家商店今天不開門。

2.係表結構中的過去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配,被動語態結構中則沒有。

miss wang is satisfied with us.(係表結構)王老師對我們很滿意。

3.係表結構中的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。

he is so worried about his exam.(係表結構)他非常擔心他的考試。

4.係表結構通常只有一般現在時和一般過去時,而被動語態結構則可用於多種時態。

【課後作業】

△ 基本型

i.用所給動詞的適當形式填空.

1. a lot of waterwaste) every year. it』s a serious problem.

2. now many kinds of workcan do) by robots

3. englishspeak) as a second language in some countries.

4. fish maycatch) in the river

5. a new bridgebuild) over the river last year

6. 「i』m afraid itneed) mending」, mrs. white turned off the tv.

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