unit 10 語法練習
單元語法講解：延續性動詞和非延續性動詞
動詞按其動作發生的方式、發生過程的長短可分為延續性動詞與非延續性動詞。
一.延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, h**e, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延續性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。
表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時間點名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:he has lived here for 6 years. you can keep the book for 5 days.
i stayed there for 2 weeks last year. how long did you stay there last year?
二.非延續性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞,表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生後立即結束
不能與時間段連用。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
如果要與時間段連用，就把它轉為延續性動詞使用。
非延續性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點的狀語連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:he died 5 years ago.
但否定的終止性動詞可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用。例:i h**en't left here for 3 years.
i h**en't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延續性動詞與非延續性動詞之間的轉換：le**e --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- h**e, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+組織機構, be a member of+組織機構, open---be open, close--- be closed fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- h**e a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), le**e --- be away, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear get married ---- be married 等。
例:the old man died 4 years ago. ----the old man has been dead for 4 years.
he joined the party 2 years ago. -----he has been in the party for 2 years.
i bought the book 5 days ago. ---- i h**e had the book for 5 days.
補充練習：
1. when he arrived at the bus stop, the busfor 20 minutes.
a. has left b. had left c. has been away d. had been away
2. i ______ the league for 5 years so far.
a. joined b. h**e joined c. h**e been in d. h**e joined in
3. the factorysince the february of 1988.
a. has been open b. has opened c. was open d. opened
4. mary and rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
a. h**e made b. h**e been c. made d. h**e become
5. you mustn'tuntil he comes back.
a. be away b. le**e c. be left d. h**e been away
6. the meeting _______ for a week now.
a. has finished b. has ended c. has been over d. ended
7. miss gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
a. has been in b. has come to c. has taught d. has joined
8. ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.
a. has been b. has become c. was d. became
9. i ______ home for a week.
a. h**e returned b. h**e been back c. returned d. h**e got home
10. how long _______ he
a. died b. has, died c. has, been dead d. did, die
11. he ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
a. slept b. was sleeping c. has sleep d. had slept
car for a week.
a. bought b. has bought c. has had d. had bought
13.-----how long _____ you _____ ill ? -----two weeks.
a. did fall b. h**e, fell c. h**e, been d. h**e got
2000, he _____ his hometown.
a. has left b. has moved away c. has been away from d. has left
'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
a. borrow b. keepc. take d. lend
bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
a. has stopped b. stopped c. has been d. had stopped
2 hours.
a. got up b. has got up c. has been up d. had got up
19. tom is ill in hospital. he _______ a cold for several days.
a. isb. catches c. has caught d. has had
20.----- how long can i ______ the booktwo weeks.
a. borrow b. lendc. getd. keep
exercises:
1. 他去世兩年了。
2. hetwo years
3. 自從他去世我就離開家鄉了。
imy hometownhe
4. 你這本字典你借了多久了？ 一周半了。
how longthe dictionaryone and a half weeks.
5. 好久沒有見你了。你什麼時候會來啊？
iyou for a long time. whenyou come back?
6. 因為桂林太美了，他都去了那裡乙個月了。
heguilin for a month because it』s really beautifully.
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