高考語法專題：定語從句
考綱新研讀
考查的重點是介詞+關係代詞which，whom引導的定語從句；非限制性定語從句也時有考查。
1.限制性定語從句
句子作定語，由關係代詞和關係副詞引導，被修飾部
分叫先行詞。
(1)關係代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose,在句子中
作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。
that,指人或物：
who is the man that is reading the news***** over there?
the finger (that) i put into my mouth was not the one (that) i had dipped into the cup.
which,指物：
a chemical』s shop is a shop which sells medicine.(作主語)
the film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.(作賓語)
who, whom, whose,指人，分別做主語、賓語和定語：the man who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.
who』s the man (whom) you just talked to?
this is the room whose window faces south.
介詞後指人用whom,指物用which。介詞可提前，也可在後；在後時可用who, that，也可省略：
this is the room in which we lived last year.
= this is the room (which/that) we lived in last year.
who』s the man with whom you just shook hands?= who』s the man (who/whom/that) you just shook hands with?
但是固定搭配,介詞不能提前：
is this the book which she was looking for?
(2)關係副詞：when, where, why,在定語從句中分別作時間、地點和原因狀語。
when,指時間：
i still remember the day when (on which) i first came to beijing.
比較：i still remember the day that i spent in beijing.
where,指地點：
this is the house where (in which) i lived two years ago.
比較：this is the house that i bought two years ago.
why,指原因：在「reason」後：
the reason why he was late is that the car broke down on the way.
比較：the reason that he g**e us is not reasonable.
(3)the same...as; such...as引導的定語從句：
this is the same pen as i lost yesterday.
you should pay more attention to such mistakes as you made last time.
this is such an interesting book as everyone likes to read.
(4)定語從句典例：
li hua is one of the boys who are never late for school.
(who指boys) 李華是從不遲到的男孩之一。
li hua is the only one of the boys who is never late for school. (who指one) 李華是男孩中唯一從不遲到的。
is this new teaching building the one you visited last night?
(變為陳述句後，is移到building之後。)
is this the new teaching building you visited last night?
(變為陳述句後，is移到this之後。)
who is the man that is talking with our teacher?
(為避免重複，用that不用who)
(5)定語從句應注意的幾點：
a. that引導的定語從句與that引導的同位語從句的區別：
the fact that we talked about is very important.
(that引導的是定語從句，that作賓語，可省略。)
the fact that the chinese invented the compass is known to all. (that引導的是同位語從句，that不作成分，不能省略，句子介紹的是fact的具體內容。)
b.用that不用which：兩者都可表物，大部分情況可通用，但下列情況例外：
先行詞為all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything等：
all that must be done has been done.
there is little that i can do for you.
先行詞被all, few, little, any, the very, the only, first，second,
last或形容詞的最高端修飾時：
that』s the only thing that we can do now.
this is the best novel that i h**e ever read.
先行詞既有人也有物時：
my father and his teacher talked of things and persons (that)
they remembered in the school.
c.用which不用that：指物，在介詞後或引導非限制性定語從句：
i』ll never forget the day on which i joined the army.
that was the way (in which) she looked after us.
football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
2.非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，而非限制性定語從句
只是附加說明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定語從
句用逗號與主句隔開，由which, who, whom, whose, where, when、
等引導：
his brother, who is a pla man, wrote to him.(只有乙個哥哥)
his brother who is a pla man wrote to him.(不只乙個哥哥)
football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
we』ll put off the outing until next week, when we won』t be so busy.
he took out a piece of *****, on which were written some words.
they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
比較：「他有兩個女兒,其中乙個是**。」
he has two daughters, one of whom works as a nurse.
(非限制性定語從句)
he has two daughters, and one of them works as a nurse.(並列句)
另外，as和which引導非限制性定語從句，可代替整個句子，as指熟知的內容，引導的句子可在句首、句中和句尾；而which指沒想到的事情或客觀事實，且只能在句尾。比較：
as is known to all, taiwan belongs to china.
the earth, as we know, goes around the sun.
he is against the idea, as can be expected.
he has to work on sundays, which he doesn』t like.
she remarried, as we had expected.
3.介詞+關係代詞引導的定語從句
(1)介詞+關係代詞引導的定語從句，修飾物時用which不用that, 修飾人時用whom不用who。例如：
this is the room in which we lived last year.
who』s the comrade with whom you just shook hands?
(2)注意:固定搭配,介詞不能提前。例如：
is this the book which she was looking for?
(3)既可引導限制性定語從句，也可引導非限制性定語從句。例如：
beh**ior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.
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