透析英語語法賓語從句考點
【語法概說】
【賓語從句命題趨勢】
中高考對賓語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：
1. 引導賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；
2. 賓語從句的語序；
3. 賓語從句的時態。
【語法回顧】
賓語從句
賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。
一．連線詞
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：
he said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
she doesn』t know (that) she is seriously ill.
i am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由連線代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連線副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。由how構成的片語：
how many, how long
例如：do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
he asked whose handwriting was the best.
can you tell me where the no.3 bus stop is?
i don』t know why the train is late.
i can't imagine why he did that thing．
do you know why we h**e put off the sports meet till next month?
how much does this coat cost?
i want to know how much this coat costs．
where did you go yesterday?
please tell me where you went yesterday
★ 當疑問代詞what，who在特殊疑問句中做主語時，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當該句用來做賓語時，語序不需要調整。
what's wrong with you?
he asked the girl what was wrong with her．
what's the matter?
he asked the girl what was the matter．
what has happened to him?
we want to know what has happened to him．
同類句式還有：who broke the window?
who is in the classroom?
what made him so angry．
3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。表示「是否」，二者通常可以互換。例如：
lily asked if/whether she liked it.
i want to know if (whether) he lives there.
he asked me whether (if) i could help him.
但語義有點區別：
1） whether可引導各種名詞性從名和讓步狀語從句，if 只能引導賓語從句和條件狀語從句，由if引導的從句，首先要弄清楚是賓語從句，還是條件狀語從句，然後再確定時態。若是引導條件狀語從句，謂語動詞應用一般現在（過去）時代替一般將來（過去將來）時。
例如：if you don't go soon, you』ll be late.
當if引導乙個非真實條件句時，從句的謂語動詞應用過去式（如果是be, 則不論主語的人稱和數，一律用were）,主句謂語動詞用「would+動詞原形」。例如：
if everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be s**ed.。
2） 在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether
例如：can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=can you tell me whether the train has left or not?
)i don't care if your car breaks down or not .
3）下列情況，只用whether作引導詞：
引導主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、讓步狀語從句。例如：
whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.
what i want to know is whether you can help me.
whether we go or stay, the result is the same.
4）與不定式連用：例如：
i don't know whether to accept or refuse.
5）在介詞後作介賓。例如：
i am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.
注意：賓語從句與形式賓語it
當賓語從句後跟有賓語補足語時，通常在賓語從句處使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語從句移至句末：
i think it easy to for us to learn english well.
i think it best that you should stay here.
he hasn』t made it known when he is going to get married.
二．think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示「認為」、「猜想」等的動詞後的賓語從句
1）否定轉移
在以上動詞之後的賓語從句中，有時謂語儘管是否定含義，卻不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述動詞變為否定形式，這就叫否定轉移。
i don't think the book is worth buying．
i don't believe they h**e finished their work．
i don't suppose he cares．
we don't expect they will h**e everything done．
2）存在這種否定轉移現象的句子在作反意疑問句時，具有如下特點：
★如果主句主語是第一人稱時，反意疑問詞部分的主語和時態要與賓語從句保持一致，並注意否定轉移。
i don't think you are an actor，are you?
i suppose you h**e been to beijing，h**en't you?
★在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主語是第一人稱以外的人稱時，反意疑問句應針對主句。
you don't think he can finish his work, do you?
he doesn't believe that we h**e come back，does he?
★另外，當think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess這類表示「認為」、「猜想」的動詞作主句謂語時，常會出現一種以疑問詞起頭的雙重疑問句。
what do you think he is? 你認為他是做什麼的?
how much time do you suppose i must spend on it?
三. 賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序應為陳述句的語序。例如：
i hear (that) physics isn』t easy.
i think (that) you will like this school soon.
can you tell me how i can get to zoo?
please tell me when we』ll h**e the meeting.
四. 賓語從句的時態
1．若主句為一般現在時或一般將來時，則從句的時態不限可視句子意義使用所需要的任何時態。例如：
we all know chicken can't swim.
don't you think jim is speaking too quick.
he says he will come back.
2．若主句是祈使句，從句謂語動詞也可用所需要的任何時態。例如：
show me which picture is yours.
please tell us where we will go.
3．若主句是一般過去時，從句必須用過去時態的某一種。例如：
i knew she had swept the floor already.
he asked if i was doing my homework this time yesterday.
4．若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現象或永恆不變的規律時，則不受主句時態的限制，仍用一般現在時。例如：
our teacher told us light tr**els much faster than sound.
they knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.
he said that one and one makes two.
五．簡化
賓語從句在一定條件下，可以簡化為「特殊疑問詞+不定式」
i don』t know what i should do with the letter. （改為簡單句）（2023年山東煙台）
i don』t know what i shall do next .
she didn』t decide which one she would choose .
please tell me whom you』ll give the letter to .
1高考英語語法複習教案 定語從句
高考語法專題 定語從句 考綱新研讀 考查的重點是介詞 關係代詞which，whom引導的定語從句 非限制性定語從句也時有考查。1.限制性定語從句 句子作定語，由關係代詞和關係副詞引導，被修飾部 分叫先行詞。1 關係代詞 that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中 作主語或賓語，作賓...
高考英語語法動詞類複習
2014年高考英語語法動詞類複習學案彙總 一 動詞詞義辨析 動詞是 的重點，高考試題中，單項填空 完形填空和改錯等三項題型中，動詞辨義的比重較大，並逐年增加。動詞辨義主要指 1 形狀相同的動詞之間辨義。如 lie,lay hanged,hung rise,raise sit,seat等。2 意義相近...
高考英語語法複習專題八
語法系列複習專題八 非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞 不能作謂語用 包括不定式 分詞及動名詞。一 動詞不定式 1 常用形式 一般主動式to do,一般被動式to be done 完成主動式to h e done,完成被動式to h e been done 進行式to be doing 2 語法功能...