從句賓語從句（the object clause）
引導詞：
連詞：that (常可省略), whether, if
代詞：who, whose, what ,which
副詞：when, where, how, why等
下列情況下只能用whether：
①選擇意義，尤其是直接與or not連用時：
let me know whether he will come or not．
＝let me know whether or not he will come）
②介詞之後：
we're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．
③不定式前：
he hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．
④whether置於句首時，不能換用if：
whether this is true or not, i can't say.
⑤引導主語從句和表語從句時：
whether she will come or not is still a question
⑥若用if會引起歧義時：
please let me know if you like the book．
賓語從句的否定轉移
「think, believe, suppose, expect…」
i don』t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
賓語從句的反意疑問句
①否定前移
條件：1主句的主語是第一人稱；
2為一般現在時；
3謂語動詞是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, guess等：
i expect our english teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
②如賓語從句中含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定字首的詞)，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式：
we find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
③主句主語是第
二、三人稱時，反意疑問句一般與主句保持一致。
you thought they could h**e completed the project, didn't you?
以下情況中that不能省略
1)兩個由that引導的賓語從句，省一不省二
i believe (that) you h**e done your best and that things will get better．
2)主句謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時
just then i noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時
i can』t tell him that his mother died.
4)it作形式賓語時
she made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
5)賓語從句前置時
that our team will win, i believe．
6)that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold等動詞的賓語時
that-從句
that-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置於句末。
it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
it作形式主語，四種搭配關係：
a. it + be +形容詞+ that-從句
it is necessary that…
it is obvious that…
b. it + be +分詞+ that-從句
it is believed that…
it is known to all that…
it has been decided that…
c. it + be +名詞+ that-從句
it is common knowledge that…
it is a surprise that…
d. it +不及物動詞+ that-分句
it appears that…
it happens that…
it occurred to me that…
狀語從句
時間狀語從句
常見的從屬連詞有：
when, while, as;
before, after, since, until (till);
once, as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time;
the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。
注意：(1) when, while, as的區別：
1)when引導從句時，主從句的動作有先有後，也可以同時進行，從句的動作可以是持續性的，也可以是短暫的。
2)while側重主從句動作的對比，且從句的動詞必須是持續性的。
while we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall．
3)as引導從句時側重主從句動作同時或幾乎同時進行，從句的動作可以是持續性的，也可以是短暫的。
sometimes i watch tv as i am h**ing breakfast．
4)when和while還可以是並列連詞，意思分別是「就在這時」，「然而」。如：
i was h**ing a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang．
they were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldn』t.
注：並列連詞when常用與以下句型中：
①…was/were doing…when…
②…was/were about to do…when…
③…was/were on the point of doing…when…
④…had just done…when….
⑤hardly/scarcely had…done…when…
(2) before引導從句時，詞義非常靈活，注意下列句子中的before的詞義：
i could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.
(還沒來得及…就)
hadn』t run a mile before he felt tired .
(還沒…就)
had sailed 4 days before we saw land.
(…才…)
write it down before you forget it.
(趁還…沒就)
(3)till (until)和not…till (until)
till (until)：主句謂語動詞必須是持續性的，「到…為止」
he remained there till/until she arrived.
not…till (until)…：主句謂語動詞必須是短暫性的，「直到…才」
she won』t go to bed till/until he returns home.
not…until還有強調式和倒裝式：
強調句：
it is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.
倒裝句：
not until he returns home will she go to bed.
(4)幾個極易混淆的時間狀語從句：
it was +時間點+when…
（當…的時候時間是…）
it was/will be+時間段+before…
（沒過…就／過了…才）
it is /has been +時間段+since…
（自從…以來有…）
條件狀語從句
常見的從屬連詞有：
if, unless (=if… not), so (as) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, providing that/ provided that, only if, if only等
其他表示條件意味的句型
(1)祈使句／省略句+and=if從句+主句
spare the rod and spoil the child.
give us 20 minutes and we will give you 10 years back!
(2)祈使句／省略句+or/or else=unless從句+主句
give it back to me or (else) 1'11 tell your parents.
原因狀語從句
常見的從屬連詞有：
because, since, now that, as等。
注意because, since, as的區別：
1)why的語氣最強，回答必須用because
2)since和now that語氣僅次於because，從句的位置一般在前
since everybody is here, let』s begin our meeting．
3)as的語氣比since更弱，從句的位置可前可後
as you didn』t turn up at yesterday』s get-together, we missed you very much．
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