直接間接引語解析與練習

2022-11-25 11:18:04 字數 4359 閱讀 4868

1.直接引語為陳述句,變成間接引語的「順口溜」是:去掉引號加that,人稱變化要靈活,時態向後退一步,狀語變化按規定。

she said, 「my brother doesn』t want to go there. 」 →she said that her brother didn』t want to go there.

2.直接引語為一般疑問句,變成間接引語的「順口溜」是:去掉引號加if,陳述語序要記住,時態人稱和狀語,小心變化別馬虎。

i asked her, 「do you study english here?」 → i asked her if she studied english there.

3.直接引語是特殊疑問句,變成間接引語的「順口溜」是:直接去引號,陳述莫忘掉,小心助動詞,丟它最重要。

「what do you want?」 he asked me. →he asked me what i wanted.

4.直接引語祈使句,變成間接引語的「順口溜」是:去掉引號要加to;ask order須記住,直接引語是否定式,not加在to前部。

the teacher said to her mother, 「please give me the book. 」 → the teacher asked her mother to give her the book.

the teacher said to her mother, 「don』t give me the book. 」 → the teacher told her mother not to give her the book.

5.對於人稱變化,要求學生們記住的「順口溜」是:第一人稱看主語,第二人稱看賓語,賓語若是不存在,活用代詞i, me, my。

he said to her, 「are you interested in english?」 → he asked her if she was interested in english.

the teacher said, 「where h**e you been?」 → the teacher asked me( us ) where i(we ) had been.

人稱變更怎麼辦? 「一主①、二賓②、三不變」③

若是自引自的話, 聽者不變稱不變。

注:①「一主」指在直接引語中的第一人稱變為間接引語時,要和主句中的主語在人稱上保持一致。如:

he sad,「i am forty,」→he said that he was forty.

②「二賓」指直接引語中的第二人稱變為間接引語時,要和主句中的間接賓語保持人稱一致。如:

he said,「are you coming tomorrow?」→he asked me if i wascoming the next day.

③「三不變」指直接引語中的第三人稱變為間接引語時,人稱不變。如:

he said,「is she an english teacher?」→he asked if she was an english teacher.

另外注意直接引語為複數,引述者主語為單數,間接引語主語相應變複數。如:

he said,「are you interested in english?」→he asked me/us if iwas/we were interested in english

一、 直接引語與間接引語

說話人直接引用別人的原話叫直接引語。說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉述出來叫間接引語。

(一) 如何變人稱:「一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新」

「一隨主」是指在直接引語變間接引語時,如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如:

she said,「my brother wants to go with me.」

→ she said her brother wanted to go with her.

「二隨賓」是指直接引語變間接引語時,若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。

如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱,如:

he said to kate,「how is your sister now?」

→ he asked kate how her sister was then.

「第三人稱不更新」是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如:

mr. smith said,「jack is a good worker.」

→ mr. smith said jack was a good worker.

(二) 如何變時態:(僅限於主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時)

直接引語在改為間接引語時,時態需要做相應的調整。

直接引語間接引語

一般現在時一般過去時

現在進行時過去進行時

現在完成時過去完成時

一般過去時過去完成時

過去完成時過去完成時

一般將來時過去將來時

如:1) she said,「i h**e lost a pen.」→ she said she had lost a pen.

2) she said,「we hope so.」→ she said they hoped so.

3) she said,「he will go to see his friend.」→ she said he would go to see his friend.

但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時,時態一般不變化。

① 直接引語是客觀真理、引用格言時。

「the earth moves around the sun.」 the teacher told me.

→ the teacher told me the earth moves around the sun

② 直接引語是過去進行時,時態不變。如:

jack said,「john, where were you going when i met you in the street?」

→ jack asked john where he was going when he met him in the street.

③ 直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語,變為間接引語時,時態不變。如:

xiao wang said,「i was born on april 2l, 1980.」

→ xiao wang said he was born on april 20, 1980.

④ 直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反覆出現或習慣性的動作,變間接引語,時態不變。如:

he said,「i get up at six every morning.」→ he said he gets up at six every morning.

⑤ 如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式(例:ought to,had better, used to)和已經是過去時的形式時,(例:could, should, would, might)不再變。

如:peter said,「you had better come h**e today.」

→ peter said i had better go there that day.

(三) 如何變狀語:

直接引語變間接引語,狀語變化有其內在規律,時間狀語由「現在」改為「原來」

(例:now 變為 then, yesterday 變為 the day before)地點狀語,

尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代詞修飾的狀語,由「此」改為「彼」(例:this 改為 that),如:

he said,「these books are mine.」 → he said those books were his.

直接引語間接引語

時now today

then that day

this week(month …) that week(month…)

間yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days ago

last week(year …) the week(year …) before

狀three days(a year, years …) ago three days(a year, years …) before

tomorrowthe next(following) day

the day after tomorrowtwo days later(in two days time)

語next week(year, month …) the next(following)week(year, month …)

直接引語間接引語

指thisthese

示代 that those

詞 直接引語間接引語

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