直接引語變間接引語（賓語從句）講解與練習
一． 講解：
在復合句中，作賓語的句子（主謂結構）就叫賓語從句。直接引語變間接引語多數情況下構成賓語從句。變化時應注意以下幾點：
1． 引導詞（連詞）
1 如果直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語，引導詞用that, that沒有實際意義，口語或非正式文體中常省略 he said, 「my mother is a doctor.」 →he said (that) his mother was a doctor.
2 如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語，引導詞就用if。不能省略 「are you english?」 he asked me→he asked me if i was english.
3 如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語，引導詞就用特殊疑問句的疑問詞，如：what when where which who how等，這些詞有意義，不能省略：eg 「how old are you ?
」 he asked me→he asked me how old i was.
二． 間接引語的賓語從句中，引導詞之後都必須使用陳述語序，即 「引導詞+主語+謂語…），肯定式的賓語從句不用助動詞do(did或does)
she asked, 「what does he want?」→she asked what he wanted.
he asked me ,「do you like english?」 →he asked me if i liked english.
三． 時態的變化：
1. 如果主句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時,則間接引語中賓語從句須用過去的某種時態。基本原則是：
往過去的方向推乙個時態，即一般現在時變成一般過去時，現在進行時變成過去進行時，一般將來時變成過去將來時
eg:① he asked me, 「do you h**e a dictionary?」→he asked me if i had a dictionary.
② she asked, 「what is tom doing? →she asked what tom was doing.
③ she said ,「i will le**e a message on his desk.」→she said that she would le**e a message on his desk.
2. 如果賓語從句表達的是客觀真理，自然現象。則無論主句用什麼時態，間接引語中的賓語從句一律使用現在時。
eg:① the teacher said to us, 「the earth goes round the sun.」→the teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② he said, 「 light tr**els faster than sound.
」→he said that light tr**els faster than sound.
3. 如果表述的狀態和情況到現在還是事實時，則無論主句用什麼時態，間接引語中的賓語從句也常使用現在時① his mother said to me, 「he is a good boy.」→his mother told me that he is a good boy.
② he said, 「 my father is a doctor. 」→he said that his father is a doctor.
四． 人稱的變化與漢語中的情況大體相同，指示代詞，時間狀語和動詞的變化
注：如果在當天轉述，today,yesterday,tomorrow等就不需改變；如果在當地轉述，here 也不必改為there, come 也不必改為go.
五．練習：
ⅰ選擇填空。
( ) said that he ________speak a little english when he was five.
a is able to b able c could d can
( ) tell me where _______h**e our picnic tomorrow。
a we will b will we c you are d will you
( ) you hear________ clearly?
a what he said b what he says c what did he say d how did he said
( ) wanted to know why _______up late.
a did she get b she got c does she get d she gets
( ) you tell me ________from your house to the factory?
a how far it is b it is how far c how far it was d how far is it
( ) you tell me if ittomorrow?
a rainb will rain c rainingd rains
( ) asked meenglish.
a if i likes b if i liked c that i like d that i liked
( ) teacher told us the earth ________around the sun.
a goesb goc wentd going
( ) you remember whatwhen i came in?
a tom is doing b tom was doing c is tom doing d was tom doing
( ) asked how many pictures_______。
a did they draw b do they draw c they will draw d they would draw
( ) asked if the teacher ________them some songs the next week.
a would teach b had taught c will teach d taught
( ) asked me if i ________in shanghai.
a live b lived c is living d will live
( )13. i don』t know _____ he will come tomorrow. _____ he comes, i』ll tell you.
a. if; whether b. whether; whether c. if; that d. if; if
ⅱ．句型轉換。
1. i don』t know what to say.
i don』t know
2. 「what』s your f**orite color?」 she asked me.
she asked me whatf**orite color
3. 「what are you doing?」 jim asked me.
jim asked me
4 tom said to me, 「you are a good student.」
tom told mea good student.
5 he said , 「i will go to the great wall tomorrow.」
he said that heto the great wall
6 「do you like playing football.」 she asked me.
she asked meplaying football.
7 「i can』t work out this math problem.」 tom said.
tom said thatwork outmath problem.
8 he asked jim, 「 where does your pen pal come from?」
he asked jimpen palfrom.
9. mary asked gina, 「 are you ill?」
mary asked ginaill.
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