虛擬語氣表示一種假設的情況，或一種主觀的願望，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態並非事實，或不可能實現。英語虛擬語氣的形式有下列幾種：
一、與現在事實相反
if had the time, john would make a trip to china to see the great wall.
if i were you, i would give up drinking immediately.
二.與將來事實相反
if you should lose, what would you do?
if i were to see her tomorrow, i would tell her thetruth.
if you went there next time, you would see what i mean.
三、與過去事實相反
if i』d dnown that it was going to rain, i would never h**e gone for a walk in the country.
四、虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法
1.省掉if的條件從句結構：
had you asked me, i would h**e told you. (=if you had asked me,…)
2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連線詞或定語從句來表示，如：
a true friend would not do such a thing.
(=if he were a true friend, he...)
(=if there were no water,…)
(=if you hadn』t helped me,…)
3. 有時條件從句中的動作和結果從句中的動作發生的時間不一致，如：
if he had followed the doctor』s advice, he would be quite all right now.
if i were you, i would h**e gone home.
五、虛擬語氣的其他用法
1、suggest, advise等動詞之後賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結構如下：
注意：在此結構中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
he suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
上述動詞的名詞形式出現時，that引導的從句仍用虛擬語氣。
he made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
如果that引導的從句所表達的內容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。
he insists that he is right.
2、it is (was )+necessary, a pity等+that引導的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結構如下：
it is important that you (should) follow the doctor』s orders.
it is right that you should h**e done your homework.
3、wish的用法
i wish i were a pop singer. (=i am sorry i am not a pop singer..)
i wish i had never stopped teaching. (=i am sorry i stopped teaching.)
i wish they』d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區別在於：hope表示一般可以實現的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：
（1） we hope they will come,(we don』t know if they can come.)
（2） we wish they could come,(we know they are not coming.)
4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引導的從句須用虛擬語氣，如：
he acts as if nothing had happened.
i would rather you didn』t tell him.
5、it』s (high) time that…+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：
it』s time (that) you had a hair cut.
it』s high time (that) we took some action.
虛擬語氣專項練習題
(1). if i you, i would go by plane. flying is much faster.
a. be b. was c. were d. am
(2). i do not think those people are really english. if they were, they speak
wish french accents.
a. don't b. will not c. mustn't d. wouldn't
(3) today, would we be able to get there by tuesday?
a. were we le**ing b. if we le**e
c. would we le**e d. were we to le**e
(4). if jone tomorrow, what would you do?
a. were not to come b. will not come
c. would not comed. had not come
(5). 「she didn't ask me, so i didn't help her?」
「you mean to say , you would've helped her ?」
a. if she asked you b. if she were to ask you
she asked you c. were she to ask you
(6). they took the injured straight to the hospital. otherwise some of them .
a. might h**e died b. might die c. would die d. could die
(7). if they had known him, to him?
a. would they h**e talked b. would they talk
they talkedd. they would talk
(8). if i lived in the city, i tr**eal in croweded buses, but i to see lots of films.
a. shall h**e to/shall be able b. shall h**e to/am able
c. would h**e to/were able d. would h**e to/would be able
(9). i would h**e gone to the concert, if i time.
a. had had b. h**e had c. had d. would h**e had
(10). i know it, i would h**e told you.
a. h**e b. if c. had d. h**ing
(11). your help, i would not h**e succeeded.
a. because b. because of c. but d. but for
(12). 「what did mr smith say about his career?」
「only that if he a millionaire, he would h**e fewer worries.」
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