一定要知道的英語語法精華

2023-01-17 21:51:05 字數 6922 閱讀 1449

形容詞(一):

1. 形容詞的位置:

代名形容詞+數量形容詞+性狀形容詞+名詞j@

再細分如下:

1放在冠詞前的形容詞(all, both, such...)+2冠詞、指示形容詞、所有形容詞、不定形容詞(the, a, an, this, that, your, some, any...)+3序數(first, second...

)+4基數(one, two...)+5性質、狀態(kind, fine, good...)+6大小、長短、形狀(large, small, big...

)+7新舊、溫度(old, new, hot...)+8顏色(red, blue...)+9國籍(chinese, english, japanese...

)+10材料(iron, brick, stone...)+11名詞、動名詞(boy, house...)

2. some和any的用法:

(1)兩者修飾可數單數名詞,表某乙個;任何乙個; 修飾可數複數名詞和不可數名詞,表一些;有些。

〔2)一般的用法:some用於肯定句;any用於疑問句,否定句或條件句。

i am looking for some matches.

我正在找火柴。

do you h**e any matches? i do not h**e any matches.

你有火柴嗎?我沒有火柴了。

(3)特殊的用法:

(a) 在期望對方肯定的回答時,問句也用some。

will you lend me some money? (=please lend me some money.

你能借我一些錢嗎?(=請借一些錢給我。)

(b) any表任何或任何乙個時,也可用於肯定句。

come any day you like.

只要你喜歡,那一天來都行。

(4)some和any後沒有名詞時,當做代名詞, 此外兩者也可做副詞。

some of them are my students.〔代名詞)

他們中的一些人是學生。

is your mother any better?(副詞)

你的媽媽好點了嗎?

3. many和much的用法:

〔1)many修飾複數可數名詞,表許多; much修飾不可數名詞,表量或程度。

he has many friends, but few true ones.

他有許多朋友,但幾乎沒有真實的朋友。

there hasn't been much good weather recently.

最近不會有好的天氣。

(2)many a:

many a和many同義,但語氣比較強,並且要與單數名詞及單數形動詞連用。

many a prisoner has been set free. (=many prisoners h**e been set free.

許多囚犯已經被釋放了。

〔3〕as many和so many均等於the same number of。 前有as, like時, 只用so many。

these are not all the books i h**e. these are as many more upstairs.

我沒有全部的書,和樓上的差不多。

they worked like so many ants.

他們像螞蟻一樣工作。

(4)as much等於the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情。

he bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量)

他買了兩磅的白糖,和同樣多的茶葉。

i was not in the least surprised, for i had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情)

我很驚奇,同樣也很期待。

(5)many和much之後不接名詞時,作為代名詞;另外much也可用副詞。

many of them were very tired.

他們中的許多人都非常累了。

i don't eat much for lunch. 〔代名詞)

我中午吃得不多。

he is much taller than i. (副詞〕

他比我高很多。

4. (a) few和(a) little的用法:

(1) (a) few用在複數可數名詞之前,(a) little用在不可數名詞之前。

he took a few biscuits. (=several)

他取了一些餅乾。

he took few biscuits(=not many)

他沒有取餅乾。

he took a little butter. (=some)

他取了一些黃油。

he took little butter. (=not much)

他沒有取黃油

(2) few可由hardly any或almost no所取代,含否定的意味。

the composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes.

這篇作文寫得很好,幾乎沒有錯誤。

few (=almost no) men can solve it.

幾乎沒人都解答它。

(3) a few相當於some, several, 含肯定的意味。

he has a few (=some or several) friends.

他有幾個朋友。

(4) a little和little之間的差別,就和a few和few的差別一樣,只是(a) little須修飾不可數名詞,表量或程度。

he grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.

他長得不好,幾乎沒有痊癒的希望。

he is not much better, but there is a little hope.

他不是很好,但還有一點點希望。

5. 其他的數量形容詞:

(1) plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表許多,修飾複數可數名詞或不可數名詞。

the room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.(複數名詞)

房間裡有很多學生

the room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.(不可數名詞)

房間裡有很多家具。

(2) a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) quantity of, a large (or a small) amount of, 均表(量), 修飾不可數名詞。

the room contained a great deal of furniture. (不可數名詞)

the room contained a good deal of furniture. (不可數名詞)

the room contained a large quantity of furniture. (不可數名詞)

the room contained a large amount of furniture. (不可數名詞)

the room contained a small quantity of furniture. (不可數名詞)

the room contained a small amount of furniture. (不可數名詞)

(3) a number of 「許多;一些」;a great (large, good) number of 「許多」,修飾複數可數名詞,並且要與複數動詞連用。

a number of books are missing from the library.

一些書在圖書館丟失了。

the number of books from the library is large.

圖書館的藏書很豐富。

(the number of +複數名詞←→單數動詞)

the room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.(複數可數名詞)

(4) enough的用法:

(a) 可接複數可數名詞和不可數名詞。

there are enough chairs. (可數)

有足夠多的椅子。

there is enough furniture. (不可數)

有足夠多的家具。

(b) 可放在被修飾名詞的前後。

we don't h**e enough time. =we don't h**e time enough.

我們沒有足夠的時間了。

(5) hundreds of, dozens of, thousands of, scores of +複數可數名詞

冠詞或數詞(one, two...) + (hundred, dozen, thousand, score) +數可數名詞

(6) the rest of 「其餘的」, 可接複數可數名詞及不可數名詞,作主詞時,接可數名詞則用複數動詞,接不可數名詞則用單數動詞。

the rest of the students are absent. (複數可數名詞)

其餘的學生缺席了。

the rest of the water was thrown away. 不可數名詞)

其餘的水被扔掉了。

注:the rest作代名詞, 等於 the others, 和複數動詞連用。

6. 不可名詞量的表示語:

(1) 不可數名詞可加表單位的形容詞組,表示數的觀念。其公式為:

數詞+單位詞+of+不可數名詞

(2) 各類表單位的形容詞片語。

(a) 物質名詞:

a piece (suit) of armour;

一片(套)盔甲

a piece (slice) of cake;

一片蛋糕

a piece (an article) of furniture;

一件家具

a piece of jewelry;

一件珠寶

a piece (sheet) of *****;

一張紙a cake of soap;

一塊肥皂

a piece (slice) of bacon;

一片鹹肉

a piece (stick) of chalk;

一支粉筆

a bit (blade) of grass;

一塊草地

a piece (strip) of land;

一塊地a bit (grain) of rice;

一點公尺a bowl of soup;

一碗湯(b) 抽象名詞

a word of abuse;

乙個辱罵的字眼

an item (a bit) of business;

乙個生產條款

an attack of fever;

a bit (an amount) of interest;

一點利息

a fit of passion;

一點激情

a piece (word) of advice;

一點建議

a piece of evidence;

一些證據

a piece (an item) of information;

一條資訊

a piece (an item) of news;

一條新聞

(c) 自然現象:

a flash of lightening;

a bolt of thunder;

7. 名詞種類的表示語:kind of, sort of, type of,

(1) 三者都可接可數名詞及不可數名詞,其後的冠詞a (an)常被省略。

what kind of (a) pencil did you buy?

你買的是哪種鉛筆?

i don't like that sort of game.

我不喜歡那類遊戲

(2) kind of, sort of, type of之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.

i had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.

我有一點懷疑他是騙人的。

(3) 比較下列用法:(加*表非正式用法)

i don't like this (*those) kind of person.

i don't like many (or these) kinds of roses.

i like this kind of flower.

i like flowers of this kind.

i like *these kind of flowers.

i like this kind of roses.)

i like roses of this kind. (置名詞後更強調種類)

i like roses of these kinds.(置名詞後更強調種類)

8. 數詞:

(1) 基數(cardinal numerals):one, two, three...

(a) 除one接單數名詞外,其餘均接複數名詞。

he has one sister and three brothers.

(b) hundred的後面須加and(但可以省略)。

12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;

(2) 序數(ordinal mumerals):first, second, third...

(a) 序數前面必須附以定冠詞。而a second, a third等,則是another的意思。

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