虛擬語氣
（一） 概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想，所說的是乙個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。
（二） 在條件句中的應用
條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故採用虛擬語氣。
（三）虛擬語氣在條件句及主句中使用情況一覽表
(四) 虛擬語氣中要注意的問題：
1. 當條件句中表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為「錯綜時間條件句」，動詞的形式要根據其所表示的時間作出相應的調整:
if you had followed my advice just now(與過去事實相反), you would be better now(與現在事實相反).
if you had studied hard before(與過去事實相反), you would be a college student now(與現在事實相反), and you would graduate from a college in four years』 time(與將來事實相反).
2. if省略句，即在條件句中可省略if，把「were, had, should」提到句首，變為倒裝句式：
if i were you, i would go there.
= were i you, i would go there.
if i had come earlier, i could h**e been on the bus.
= had i come earlier, i could h**e been on the bus.
if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
= should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
注： 若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。
we can say: were it not for the rain, i would h**e a picnic now.
we cannot say: weren』t it for the rain, i would h**e a picnic now.
1. 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句，常用的介詞有：with, without, but for…
what should you do with a million dollars(=if you had a million dollars)?
we couldn』t h**e done it without your help(=if we had not got your help).
but for the rain(=if it hadn』t been for the rain), we would h**e finished it.
2. 含蓄條件句：
i was ill that day. otherwise, i would h**e taken part in the sports meeting.
he called to inform me of your birthday, or i would h**e known nothing about it.
i might h**e given you more help, but i was too busy.
everything taken into account, they would h**e raised their output quickly.
3. 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用：
（1） wish + that (賓語從句用虛擬語氣)，表示不可能實現的願望，其謂語動詞構成形式為過去式、過去完成時還有should, could, might, would + do:
i wish i were a bird.
i wish that i had met that film star yesterday.
how i wish it would be fine tomorrow.
(2) 用於表示建議、願望、命令及要求的動詞的賓語從句中，或者用於這些動詞的形容詞引導的主語從句中，也可用在這些動詞的相關名詞引導的表語從句及同位語從句中,都應該用(should)+do結構的虛擬語氣：
這些動詞包括：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise
he suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
it is suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
his suggestion is that we (should) start off early the next day.
注：當suggest表示「暗示、表明」以及insist表示「堅持認為」時，不用虛擬語氣：
the smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
the man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
(3) 在would rather引導的賓語從句中，用動詞過去式表虛擬：
i would rather they did not hear of the news.
4. 虛擬語氣在固定句型中的使用：
(1) it』s (high) time that … + 動詞過去式
it』s (high) time that you went to school.
it』s (high) time that we should start out.
(2) if only引導的感嘆句中也用虛擬語氣，意為「要是……該多好！」
if only i were a bird! = how i wish i were a bird.
if only i had seen the film! = how i wish i had seen the film.
(3) 在含有if it were not for或if it had not been for條件句中，也要用虛擬語氣，意為「要不是因為有……」
if it had not been for your help, we couldn』t h**e finished the work ahead of time.
= but for your help/without your help/ had it not been for your help, we couldn』t h**e finished the work ahead of time.
非謂語動詞
（一）只能接動名詞的情況：
①admit，appreciate，**oid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，can』t help（情不自禁），can』t stand（無法忍受）, devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，h**e difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，h**e a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，there』s no use/good/need，feel/seem like, get down to;
②be worth後必須用動名詞的主動形式來表示被動意義：
her method is worth trying.
（二）只能接不定式的情況：
①afford, agree, aim, appear, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, seek, sweat, undertake, want, wish等。
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