高中定語從句完整講解 自製

2023-02-01 13:51:01 字數 4554 閱讀 3315

定語從句

定語從句(attributive clauses)在句中做定語,修飾乙個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞(antecedent)。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出

1. 定義

定語從句,就是用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子,起到定語的作用,所以叫做定語從句。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。

定語從句一般由關係代詞來引導。關係代詞必須放在定語從句之首。

2. 從句結構:包括先行詞,關係詞和定語。

3. 關係詞

(1) 關係代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在定語中作主語,賓語,定語,表語)------在句中作成分,說明後面的句子不完整。

(2) 關係副詞:when,where,why,(在句中作狀語)-----後面的句子完整。

一. 由that,who,whom作關係代詞引導的定語從句,先行詞指人。

1. do you know the comeradespoke at the meeting yesterday?(兩者都修飾前面的comerade).

2. this is the manthey say) is a good teacher.(這裡who還做了後面they say 的賓語,有雙重身份,所以不能用that.)

3. this is the teacheri met in the street just now.(作賓語,所以可以省略)。

4. my cousinis an engineer, went to america last week.(非限定性定語從句,不能用that引導。)

5. 先行詞是he, they, those, one, ones, anyone,只能用who,不能用that.

anyonebreaks the law will be punished.

oneworks hard and without complain is welcome here.

6. 關係代詞指人的先行詞(先行詞指人)存在於there be 結構中用who。

eg. there is someoneis waiting for you at school gate.

7. 先行詞指人,關係代詞在從句中做賓語時可以省略。

eg. this is the teacheri met in the street just now.

8. 先行詞指人,介詞後緊隨關係代詞不能省略關係代詞且必須用賓格,(關係代詞在此時做賓語)。

eg. in the dark street, there wasn』t a single person toshe could turn for help.

in the dark street, there wasn』t a single personshe could turn to for help.

9. 在非限定性定語從句中,先行詞指人,關係代詞作賓語,只能用whom,不能用that.

eg. he is a man with rich experiencewe can learn a lot from.

10. 在who 引導的定語從句中(先行詞指人),後只能用that 引導的賓語從句作主語。

eg. who is the boyis shouting in the classroom.

11. 先行詞指人,在定語從句中作表語時,用that.

eg. li hong is no longer the girlshe was before.

12. 先行詞又指人又指物,在定語從句中只用that.

eg. watch the woman and her dogare crossing the street.

13. 先行詞指人,被the only, the very 等最高端或序數詞修飾時,做賓語用that.

eg. he was the only personi had invited.

14. 為了平衡句子結構,有時要省略that 或who(或都省略)。

eg. the manshe likes is the oneis both honest and br**e.

二. 先行詞指物,關係代詞that與which的區別。

1. 一般情況可以互換

eg. the machinecan fly is plane.

2. 介詞+關係代詞,不能用that,且不能省略which.

eg. this is the book inshe could much interest.

this is the bookshe could much interest in.

3. 非限定性定語從句中不能用that,且不能省略which.

eg. i will buy a booktells about the use of english idoms.

4. 先行詞是that, 作賓語時用which,也可省略。

eg. what was thatyou said about him.

5. 先行詞是all, everything,anything, nothing,much,little,few等不定代詞時,關係代詞用that.

eg. everythingcan be done has been done.

6. 先行詞被all,any,every,much,little,no,only,very修飾時,用that.

eg. ask any questionyou don』t understand.

7. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高端修飾時,關係代詞常用that.

eg. the first lessoni learned will never be forgotten.

8. 由which 引導的特殊疑問句中,含定語從句,先行詞指物時,關係代詞用that 來避免重複。

eg. which of the cowsyou keep produces more milk?

9. 先行詞指物,在定語從句中作表語,只用that.

eg. our hometown is no longer the oneit used to be.

10. 先行詞指物,且在there be句型中,只用that.

eg. there is a seat in the coneris still free.

11. 如果指的是相同的乙個東西(同乙個)用that,而不用as,如表示相同,但不是同乙個就要用as.

eg. i h**e found my missing book and this is the same onei lost yesterday.

12. 乙個句中如果含有兩個定語從句,先行詞指物,第乙個用which,第二個用that,第乙個用that,第二個就要用which。

三. 關係代詞which和as的區別

1. 都可以用來引導非限定性定語從句,可表示某一物的名詞,也可代指整個事物。

2. (1)which可做介詞的賓語,而as不可以。

(2.)which引導的非限定性定語從句一般在主語之後,as可前可後可中間,位置靈活。

(3) as 引導的非限定性定語從句有較為密切的上下關係。

(4) as本身含有「正如......」之意,一般情況下放在句首。

3. 先行詞是某個具體的名詞,且所指的名詞在非限定性定語從句中又做了主語的時候,只用which而不用as.

eg. i like english very muchis a bridge to so much knowledge.

4. 關係代詞指代前面整個內容,並且在非限定性定語從句中作主語或賓語時,用which而不用as。

eg. light tr**els faster than soundall teachers once told us.

5. 固定結構:as引導的非限定性定語從句用於下列句型(句式)中。

eg. as is known to us all/ as we all know/as we can see/as is said/as is reported/as is expected/as is announced/as has happened/as we hoped可用在句首,句中,句尾;在句中作插入語(正如......)

四. 關係代詞whose

whose不單用,表示所屬關係,即可指人也可指物,一般情況下可和of which 互換,但有時不能。

1. the desklegs tom broke yesterday has been repaired.

2. 先行詞表示整體與部分的關係時(定語從句的主語),如little, some, most, mainly,few,much等時不能用whose來連線,只能用of which 或of whom來連線。

eg. jonn bought me much bread , little oftastes good.

those foreign teachers, mosthad never been to china before, are enjoying their work here.

3. 定語從句的主語是同位關係的代詞(與先行詞是同位關係)如all, none, neither, each, either 的時候用of whom或of which,不用whose.

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