定語從句
step 1 leading-in
用下劃線標出下文中定語或定語從句。
he is a clever student. he is a student who is good at english. he lives in a small village.
his grandfather lived there before. i know a girl who lives in the village too. her name is wang fang.
wang fang』s father is a farmer. he is a hard-working farmer.
step 2 語法講解
1：有關定語從句的幾個概念
1）功能：在復合句中，充當_______ ，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語
2）位置：定語從句置於被修飾詞之後：those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.
3）先行詞：被關係詞所指代並且被定語從句所修飾或限制的物件。
*先行詞可以不只是乙個詞，它還可以是乙個短語、乙個完整的句子。
4）關係詞：重複替代先行詞、起連線主句和從句的作用並且在定語從句中充當一定成分的連線詞。
關係詞的作用：
1、連線作用：引導從句，把它和主句連線起來；
2、替代作用：在從句中代替在它前面的先行詞；
(思考：定語從句中還能不能再出現關係代詞所替代的先行詞呢？)
the film we saw it last night is very frightening.(改錯)
i』ll give you a book which you』ll find it interesting.
3、成分作用：在從句中總是充當乙個句子成分;
*關係詞分為關係代詞和關係副詞
2：關係詞的雙重身份及其選用原則
1）代替先行詞；
2）在從句中充當成分。
一．試一試：觀察下列幾組簡單句，並試著寫出定語從句。
the man will succeedhe has a positive attitude.
thinking is the keythe key opens the doors of the world.
this is the personi talked to the person just now.
lilly bought the bookthe book』s cover is pink.
this is the schoolmy mother works in the school.
i still remember that dayyou left for beijing on that day.
could you explain the reason? you were late for the reason.
i will never forget the timei spent the time with my grandparents.
3：熟記如下原則:
難點一：that與which的選擇
a：關係詞必用which 的定語從句
1）在非限制性定語從句（限制定從與非限制定從的異同
2）在關係詞前有介詞時
the world that we live in is made up of matter.
b：當先行詞指物時,宜用that
1）先行詞被 ①形容詞最高端 ②序數詞 ③the only、the very、all、any、no、all 等修飾時。
2）先行詞是all\much\little\none\few\one\something\anything等不定代詞時。
the only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
i』ve read all the books that is written by lu xun.
as long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome.
3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。 he was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
4）當主句中含疑問詞which/who時。which are the books that you bought for me?
5）先行詞在主句中作表語，關係詞在從句中作表語時。
the village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago。
練一練：
1. the man and the horse __fell into the river were drowned(淹死).
a. which b. who c. that d. of which
2. there is nothing in the world ______ can frighten him.
a. thatb. which c. whod. whom
3. they went to the first room ______ looked like a shop．
a. that b. which c. what d where
4. --do you know everybody ____ came to the party?
--almost, but i don』t know the one with _____ you talked.
a. who, whob. which, which c. that, whom d. who, that
5. as a child, jack studied in a village school, ____ is named after his grandfather.
6. the thought of going back home was ______kept him happy while he was working abroad．
a．that b．all that c．all what d．which
c: who與that都可指人時，情況多用that作關係詞.
1）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關係詞用
2）當主句是who作疑問詞時，關係詞用________。
who is that girl that is standing by the window?
注意：whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who和that取代。但是介詞後面只能用whom.
1. she brought with her three friends, none of ________i had ever met before.
a. themb. who c. whomd. these
2. last week, only two people came to look at the housewanted to buy it.
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