高中定語從句全面詳細講解附練習題加答案

2023-01-23 21:03:06 字數 3975 閱讀 2275

高中定語從句詳細講解

一定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。漢語中常用『……的』表示。

定語主要由形容詞擔任。此外名詞、代詞、數詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式(短語)、分詞也可以做定語。

a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意:漢語的定語無論多長都放在被修飾詞的前面,而英語中的定語則不然,是乙個詞時,放在被修飾詞的前面, 若是兩個以上的片語、短語或從句則放在被修飾詞的後面,thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red.

the boy from america our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.;falling le**es; fallen le**es; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool; he is the man who you are looking for.

二:定義及相關術語

1.定語從句:修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之後。

2.先行詞:被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

3.關係詞:引導定語從句的詞叫關係詞。關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞。關係代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;關係副詞有when,where,why.

指出下列句子中的定語從句,主句、先行詞及關係詞並翻譯。

is the book that i want to read. is the only one of the guests that comes from the usa.

letter which i received yesterday was from my father. 4. the dog which was lost has been found.

comes the girl who wants to see you. li is a man who we should learn from.

you know the woman who he is talking to? is the person whom you should look after.

know the person whose company produces computers. like the house whose windows face south.

關係詞通常有下列三個作用:a、引導定語從句,連線主從句;b、指代先行詞;c、在定語從句中擔當乙個成分。

you know the man? the man is speaking to the headmaster just now. nurse is kind.

the nurse looks after my sister.

三:關係代詞的用法

關係代詞先行詞在定語從句中擔任的成分

that人/物主賓表

which物/整個主句主賓

who人主賓

whom人賓

whose人/物定

as人/物/整個主句主賓表

注意:1. whose+n.= the + n. + of which/whom = of which/whom + the + n.

a..c. doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

2. who和whom的區別:作主語時只能用who, 做賓語時,用whom是正式表達法,用who是非正式表達法。若作介詞賓語,且介詞提前,只能用whom.

只用that不用which的情況:

1.當先行是everything,anything,nothing(something外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代詞時,或當先行詞被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代詞修飾時。

. allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.。

2.當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高端修飾時。如:thefirstplacethattheyvisitedinlondonwasthebigben.

thisisthebestfilmthatih**eeverseen.

3.當先行詞被thevery,theonly修飾時。thisistheverydictionarythatiwanttobuy. afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.

4.當先行詞即有人又有物時。如:

5.在以疑問詞 who,which,what等開頭的疑問句裡。如:whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?

whichisthet-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6. 主句是there be結構時,修飾其主語的定語從句。there is a book on the desk that belongs to tom.

7.當引導詞在定語從句中作表語時。shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

只用which不用that的情況:1.當關係代詞前有介詞時。

this is a book____ we h**e talked about a lot. this is a book about____ we h**e talked a lot.

2.引導非限制性定語從句時。the novel, which i h**e read three times, is very touching.

3.當先行詞是that或those,或由that或those 修飾時。

只用who不用that的情況:1.當先行詞one, ones, anyone, all, those指人時2.在there be 結構中,主語是人時,引導詞用who.

四:關係副詞的用法

1.when指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。當先行詞是表時間的名詞,比如time, day, week, month, year等;且定語從句中缺時間狀語時用when. 若先行詞是表時間的名詞,定語從句中缺主語或賓語時,用that/which引導。

istillremembertheday_____ifirstcametothisschool.

iwillneverforgetthedays______

2.where指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。若先行詞是表地點的名詞,比如park, city, farm, place等;且定語從句中缺地點狀語時用where. 若先行詞是表地點的名詞,定語從句中缺主語或賓語時,用that/which引導。

shanghaiisthecity_____iwasborn.

ivisitedthefarm______alotofcowswereraised. shanghai is the city ______ i want to visit.

iknowaplace______isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.

3.why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語。若先行詞是reason; 且定語從句中缺原因狀語時,用why引導。若先行詞是reason,定語從句中缺主語或賓語,用which/that引導。

pleasetellmethereason_____youmissedtheplane.

idon』tknowthereason_____ helooksunhappytoday. i didn』t believe the reason ______ he explained to me

注意:介詞+which

2.當先行詞是case, point, situation, condition, stage, position等表示抽象的地點、地步、條件、形勢、環境、地位等含義的名詞時,我們通常使用關係副詞where. they h**e reached the point where they h**e to separate with each other.

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