初高中英語語法專題 句子的成分和基本句型

2022-12-11 00:03:02 字數 4916 閱讀 1453

our teacher told us an interesting story. 老師給我們講了乙個有趣的故事。

間接賓語直接賓語

四、表語——說明主語「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」,與連繫動詞一起構成謂語,表語由名詞、形容詞、或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當。例如:

my sister is a nurse.(名詞)我的姐姐是一名**。

they were at home.(介詞短語)他們在家裡。

she got angry. (形容詞)她生氣了。

her grandfather is over eighty years old.(數詞)她的祖父八十多歲了。

五、定語——定語是修飾名詞或代詞的,可以作定語的除形容詞外,還有名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語或相當於形容詞的詞或短語等。例如:

this is a green cup.(形容詞)這是乙個綠色的杯子。

are these students your classmates? (代詞)這些學生是你班的嗎?

winter is the coldest season of the year.(介詞短語)冬天是一年中最冷的季節。

i h**e something important to tell you.(不定式)我有重要的事情要告訴你。

the people here are very friendly.(副詞)這裡的人們非常友好。

注意:形容詞作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞之前。而介詞短語、不定式短語或副詞等作定語時則放在被修飾的詞之後。

六、狀語——狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、或副詞的,有的修飾全句。可以作狀語的主要是副詞和介詞短語或相當於副詞的詞或短語等。例如:

you are quite right .(副詞) 你非常正確。

comes to the school by bike. (介詞短語) 吳老師騎自行車上學校。

she will arrive in beijing on monday. (介詞短語)她將於星期一到達北京。

he stopped to h**e a look. (不定式短語)他停下來看了看。

七、賓語補足語——有些及物動詞的賓語後邊還需要有乙個補足語,意思才能夠完整。賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。例如:

we call her xiao li.

賓語賓語補足語

you must keep the room clean and tidy.

賓語賓語補足語

john asked me to help him with his chinese.

賓語賓語補足語

i will h**e my hair cut tomorrow.

賓語賓語補足語

we saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.

賓語賓語補足語

指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。

1.we all study hard at english.

a. 主語 b. 謂語 c. 賓語 d.表語

2.betty likes her new bike very much.

a. 主語 b.謂語 c.賓語 d.表語

3.my brother is a policeman.

a. 主語 b.謂語 c.賓語 d.表語

4.were you at home last night?

a.定語 b.狀語 c.賓補 d.表語

5.winter is the coldest season of the year.

a 定語 b.狀語 c.賓補 d.表語

6.he often walks in the park.

a.定語 b.狀語 c.賓語 d.表語

7.mary asked me to help her yesterday.

a.定語 b.狀語 c.賓補 d.表語

8.he bought me a nice present last week.

a.賓語 b.直接賓語 c.間接賓語 d.賓補

9.his parents are doctors.

a.賓語 b.表語 c.謂語 d.定語

10.i』ll get you some tea now.

a.賓語 b.直接賓語 c.間接賓語 d.賓補

11.my mother told us an interesting story last night.

a.表語 b.直接賓語 c.間接賓語 d.賓補

12.he has read the book twice.

a.主語 b.謂語 c.表語 d.賓語

13.they seemed unhappy when they heard the news.

a.表語 b.謂語 c.賓語 d.定語

14.do you h**e something to eat ?

a.狀語 b.定語 c.賓語 d.賓補

15.we made him our monitor.

a.賓語 b.定語 c. 狀語 d.賓補

簡單句的基本句型:

由乙個主語(或並列主語)和乙個謂語(或並列謂語)所構成的句子叫簡單句。根據句子的基本結構,簡單句分為5種基本句型:

1.s+v;(主語 + 不及物動詞)

i can swim. 我會游泳。

主語謂語(不及物動詞)

everything changes. 萬物都在變。

主語謂語

the plane has already arrived. 飛機已經抵達。

主語謂語

2.s+v+o;(主語++及物動詞+賓語)

i like english. 我喜歡英語。

主語謂語賓語

they are reading books . 他們在看書。

主語. 謂語賓語

he bought a computer last week. 他上週買了臺電腦。

主語謂語賓語

3.s+v+p;(主語+連系動詞+表語)

my mother is a scientist. 我母親是個科學家。

主語謂語表語

she looks young. 她看上去很年輕。

主語謂語表語

the food tastes very delicious. 這食物嘗起來很香。

主語謂語表語

4.s+v+io+do;(主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語)

my mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母親昨天給我買了本字典。

主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語

can you give me the math book? 你能給我那本數學書嗎?

謂語主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語

will you tell us something about your school life? 你給我講講你們的學習生活,好嗎?

謂語主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語

5.s+v+o+oc;(主語+及物動詞+賓語+補語)

we must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我們必須保持教室乾淨、整潔。

主語謂語賓語賓語補足語

my mother asks me to speak english as much as possible. 我母親要求我盡可能多地講英語。

主語謂語賓語賓語補足語

i heard her singing happily in the room just now. 剛才我聽到她在房間裡高興地唱著歌。

主語謂語賓語賓語補足語

指出下列句子的基本型別

1.they are listening.

2.my mother is fifty now.

3.i h**e bought three books.

4.my friend g**e me a birthday present.

5.i painted the wall white.

6.the boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.

7.they arrived at six o』clock.

8.the map is on the wall

9.children often sing this song.

10.mr wu teaches us english.

11.she showed her friends all her pictures.

12.i find him a lovely boy.

請朗讀以下句子,劃分下列句子的成分,並指出他們分別屬於簡單句中的哪種。

1. our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.

2. the super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.

3. we should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.

4. the new rule came out.

5. enviornmental groups welcome the new rule.

6. they can stop using plastic bags.

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