一、定語從句（一）：
1.定語從句的概念：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
2.先行詞： 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
3.關係詞：
引導定語從句的連詞叫關係詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導的定語從句。
二、定語從句（二）
1.先行詞是物時，一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下，只能用that不用which。
1).當先行詞為指物的不定代詞，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時，只能用that。
there is nothing ______ i can do for you .
2).當先行詞被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時，只能用that。
this is the very book ______ i』m looking for .
3).先行詞被序數詞修飾時，只能用that 。
this is the first textbook ______ i studied in the middle school .
4).先行詞為最高端或被最高端修飾時，只能用that。
this is the most beautiful mountain ______ i h**e ever seen .=
i h**e _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountain .
5).先行詞既有人也有物時，只能that 。
he told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行詞是物時，一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下，只能用which不用that。
1).關係代詞前有介詞時，關係詞只能用which 。
this is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行詞本身是that時，關係詞只能用which 。
the clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引導非限定性的定語從句（先行詞是物且先行詞與關係詞用逗號隔開），關係詞用which。
his bookwas lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行詞是人時，一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下，只能用who。
1).當先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時，一般用who 。
those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時，只能用who。指物時用that。
there is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).當先行詞是i、you、he、they等時，只能用who 。
he ______ plays with fire gets burned .
三、定語從句（三）。
由關係副詞when、where、why引導的定語從句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引導的定語從句。
1).先行詞是表示地點的名詞 2).在定語從句中作地點狀語
is this the house ______ you lived ?= is this the houseyou lived ?
= is this the house _____ you lived in ?
2.由when引導的定語從句。
1).先行詞是表示時間的名詞 2).在定語從句中作時間狀語
i will never forget the days ______ i met him .= i will never forget the daysi met him.
注：先行詞是the last time 時，when 可省略。
when was the last time you saw the parrot ?
3.由why引導的定語從句。
先行詞為reason 時，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。
we don』t know the reason ______ they didn』t come .
四、注意事項：
1.關係詞在定語從句中作賓語時，常可省略。
the story _____ he told was very popular . a. who b. whom c. whose d. /
在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞應與先行詞保持一致。
i loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .
she is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.在定語從句中不能出現代替先行詞的人稱代詞。
will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
a. which you bought b. that you bought it c. you bought d. you bought it
4.定語從句中whose 的確定：
無論先行詞是人或物，在定語從句中做定語用whose。
判斷：看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞（my、your、jim』s等），若沒有，則用whose 。
the girl _____ parents work in beijing is kate .
a. who b. whose c. which d. that
i know the boy . his handwriting is very good .= i know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
五、定語從句的簡化
把定語從句簡化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現在分詞短語。
received a box which was full of presents . she received a boxpresents .
likes reading books that was written by lu xun. he likes reading bookingluxun .
like chinese tea which has nothing in it . i like chinese teain it .
you know the girl who is wearing a red dress .do you know the girl ______ a red dress.
練習與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！
( )1. the man ____ is standing there is my father.
a. who b. whom c. which
( )2. who was the man _____ spoke to you just now?
a. who b. whom c. that
( )3. tom is the only person_____i can depend on.
a. that b. which c. who
( )4. it is the best film ____ she has ever seen.
a. that b. which c. when
( )5. beijing is the 29th city ____ holds the olympic games.
a. where b. that c. which d. what
( )6. the football match ____ i watched yesterday is fantastic!
a. when b. that c. what d. who
( )7. china is a country ___ has a long history.
a. who b. which c. where
( )8. the boy ___ i talked with just now is my best friend.
a. who b. which c. where
( )9. — the duty of project hope is to help poor children, isn』t it?
— yes, it has built many schools __ those children can study happily.
a. where b. when c. which
( )10. we know jackie chan ___ movies are very popular with the young.
a. whose b. that c. who d. which
( )11. do you know the scientist _______ g**e us a talk just now?
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
( )12. this is the dictionary _______ mum g**e me for my birthday.
a. which b. what c. whose d. whom
( )13. shao lin temple _______ lies in the west of zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.
a. where b. which c. who d. what
( )14. —do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree?
—she is my little sister.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. which
( )15. 「what do you think of the school uniforms?」 「very good.
i like clothes ______ make me feel comfortable.」
a. that b. what c. who
( )16. there will be a flower show in the park we visited last week.
a. who b. when c. what d. which
( )17. —now many people smoke and get ill.
—so we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.
a. what b. who c. / d. that
( ) still remember the time _____we spent together at xisai mountain last year.
a. when b. what c. who d. which
( )19. one of the most delicious drinksi like is orange juice. [
a. which b. that c. whose d. whom
( )20. —there are so many girls over there. which one is your sister?
—the one ______hat is yellow.
a. who b. whose c. that d. which
( )21. we all like the story about the teacher _______ happened in our school last week. a
a. which b. who c. whom d. what
( )22. the english-chinese dictionary _____my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
a. whose b. when c. who d. that
( ) lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher ______ g**e her love to her students in danger.
a. who b. that c. whom d. which
( )24. mr. smithis smoking is looking for________ she lost yesterday.
a. whom; which b. who; what c. that; who d. which; where
( )25. success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".
a. whom b. what c. who d. which
( )26. —what are you looking for?
—i'm looking for the ring ______my husband bought me last year.
a. that b. who c. whom d. it
( )27. i hate people ______ talk much but do little.
a. who b. which c. whose d. whom
( )28．piano is a word________ was originally borrowed from italian．
a．where b．who c．which d．whose
( )29. —do you enjoy my heart will go on?
—no, i prefer songs _____ loud.
a. that is b. which is c. that are d. what are
( )30. i can never forget the stories________ my grandma told me.
a. what b. who c. them d. that
補全對話
「補全對話」題旨在考查學生實際運用日常交際用語的能力。這種試題形式貼近生活，能開拓學生的思維能力。命題者一般會將對話內容控制在《日常交際用語細目表》的規定範圍內。
該題是一種自由應答題，是以「寫」的方式來考查「說」的能力。要解決好這類題，首先要通讀對話，了解大意，看對話是屬於哪個方面的，涉及幾個交際專案。必須掌握交際專案裡的交際習語，要使用場景語言答題，如**用語，就餐，購物，看病等。
應注意答題策略。
評分說明：
（１）本題共10分，每小題２分。
（２）參***並不是唯一答案（不可能一一給出），若學生所給答案與本答案不符，只要語法、意義、拼寫（含大小寫）正確，且符合要求，也得分。
（３）標點符號是語言準確性的乙個方面，評分時應視其對交際的影響程度酌情考慮。
（４）單詞拼寫錯誤，評分時視其對交際的影響程度酌情扣分。
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