英語音標入門
一.英語共有48個音素,母音20個(發音時氣流在通路上不受發音器官的阻礙) 子音28個(發音時氣流在通路上受到發音器官的阻礙)
母音單元音:前母音/i:/ // /e/ // 中母音後母音u:/
雙母音:/e/ /a/ // // /a/ // /e/ //
子音清子音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ // /t/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/ (發音的時候聲帶不振動,發音部位比較靠前,在口腔前部,不振動聲帶,發音的時候感覺人在往前傾)
濁子音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ // /z/ // /d/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /m/ /n
雙母音 /w/ /j/ (發音的時候聲帶要振動, 發音部位比較靠後,在轟隆部位,發音時候感覺頭在往後傾)
s與子音母音裡的爆破音結合時,通常是清子音被濁化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它們濁化後,分別發成: /b/ /d/ /g/
二.具體發音母音
/i:/ be he cream eat green need see sea believe please h**e a seat.
// big city pretty isgive me a minute.
/e/ any many bed best breakfast get better never give up.
// at bag bad man applei h**e to practice.
// color come country bus but lovei am just lucky.
// hello ruler about again famousforget about it.
/:/ her birth first bird workwork hard.
/ɑ:/ afternoon class art card hard you are so smart.
// want watch clock from hot boss pot nothing is impossible.
/:/ all also report short more store four we talked all night.
// put book good lookyou look great today.
/u:/ do movie cool food you group i want to improve my english.
/e/ age case day may great face i am crazy about english.
/a/ ice like night chinadon』t be shy,just try.
// boy toy enjoylet』s talk about the point.
// go no boat coat show know home i hope so.
/a/ found sound how nowi』m proud of being chinese.
// really dear year neari fear nothing.
/e/ air hair where thereyou need a hair cut.
// poor sure tourare you sure?
子音爆破音
/p/ pen play people popularno pain, no gain.
/b/ bag ball big babywe are the best.
/t/ table take todaydon』t be late.
/d/ dad date do dayhow do i look?
/k/ call can key kid school black rock learning english takes time.
/g/ game get guard guessglad to meet you.
摩擦音/f/ family father laugh cough phone photo fly i believe i can fly.
/v/ video violin five liveshe has a beautiful voice.
/s/ city sad salad ask mistakei am not myself today.
/z/ is his zero easy crazyhe drives me crazy.
// sure sugar machine she shoe fish short i wish i could.
// usually pleasure you h**e to make a decision right away.
/θ/ thank thing three thank you all the time.
// that thisdon』t bother me with this and that.
/h/ hat h**e who how hope to see you again.
/r/ red ruler write rice i really need a break.
破擦音/tr/ trip trumpet treeyou』re in big trouble.
/dr/ draw drawer dreami h**e a dream.
/t/ future chair chess watch match i want to change my life.
/d/ just jump job joindon』t judge a book by its cover.
/ts/ bats hats cutsit』s up to you.
/dz/ beds cards goodswe are good friends.
鼻音/m/ many math climb autumn money is not everything.
/n/ name nice sign foreign know i forget my phone number.
// sign sing ringit』s really interesting.
舌邊音// last latelong time no see.
半母音 /w/ want watch what why wife /j/ year yes yeah
三.單詞重音(word stress)
英語單詞分為單音節詞,雙音節詞和多音節詞。
含有乙個母音音素的字母組合叫做乙個音節,由乙個音節構成的詞叫做單音節詞,如bed[bd],dad[dd].
由兩個音節構成的詞叫雙音節詞,如funny ['fn] ,famous ['fems] 由兩個以上音節構成的單詞叫多音節詞,如delicious [d'ls]
英語單詞如果有乙個以上的音節則有重讀音節和非重讀音節,由符號「 ' 」表示,如about ['baut]。有的多音節詞有兩個重音,乙個是主重音,乙個是次重音,或兩個都是主重音,次重音用符號「」表示,標在次重音的左下方。如anybody ['nbɑd]。
雙音節的重音一般落在第乙個音節上,多音節的重音通常為倒數第三個音節,如documentary [dkjumentri],grandfather ['grndfɑ]。
四.句子重音(sentence stress)
乙個句子中,實詞(名詞,實義動詞,數詞,形容詞,副詞等)重讀;虛詞(冠詞,介詞)不重讀。
五.開音節和閉音節
開音節1)以發音的母音字母結尾的單節。例:be,he。
2)以子音字母(r除外)+不發音的e結尾的音節。例:make,like。
*在重讀的開音節中母音字母按字母名稱讀音。
閉音節以乙個或幾個子音字母(r除外)結尾而中間只有乙個母音字母的音節,稱為閉音節。例:map,desk,is。
*在重讀的閉音節中母音字母讀做短母音。
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