一、定語從句的引導詞
1）先行詞是人: that / who (在定語從句中做主語，不能省略)
that/ who / whom ( 在定語從句中做賓語，可省略)
whose ( 在定語從句中作 「 某人的」)
the girl who /that often helps me with my english is from england.
經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
who is the teacher (whom/who /that) li ming is talking to?
正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
the girl whose hair is yellow is my good friend
黃頭髮的女孩是我的好朋友（whose 作某人的
2） 先行詞是物： that /which ( 在定語從句中作主語，賓語（作賓語時可省略）
whose ( 在定語從句中作 「 某物的」)
mary likes music that / which is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的**。(that作主語)
the coat (that/which) i put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)
the book whose cover is yellow introduces china in detail.
紅色封面的那本書詳細地介紹中國 （ whose 表示某人的）
注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關係代詞前時,只能用「介詞+which/whom」結構。例如:
this is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。
please tell me from whom you borrowed the english novel.
請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文**。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞片語中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
this is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)關係詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高端所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高端時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
he was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第乙個通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none,
the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店裡有什麼東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
this is the same bike that i lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞裡同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
i can remember well the persons and some pictures that i saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些**。
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重複,只能用that.例如:
who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
there is a book on the desk that belongs to tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(4)關係詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:
what』s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什麼?
b.關係代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
this is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關係副詞的用法
(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:
this was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。
(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:
this is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:
nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school
.沒人知道他為什麼上學總遲到。
i.單項填空。
1. -do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-yes, he』s our headmaster.
a. he b. who c. which d. whom
2. is this the river _____i can swim?
a. which b. in which c. that d. the one
3. this is the best hotel in the city _____i know.
a. where b. which c. that d. it
4. can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
a. that you bought b. you bought it c. that you bought it d. which you bought it
5. anyone ______with what i said may put up you hands.
a. which agrees b. who agree c. who agrees d. which agree
6. my watch is not the only thing _____ is missing. a.
that b. it c. which d who
7. the man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate a. who』s b.
whose c. that of which.
8. the girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
a. which; is b. whom; was c. who; is d. who; was
9. i love places ______the people are really friendly. a.
that b. which c. where d.
who
10. the world ______ is made up of matter.
a. in that we live b. on which we live c. where we live in d. we live in
1,1949 is the day _____ the prc was founded. a. which b. when c. that d. on that
that the reason _____ you are for the plan. a which b. what c. why d. for that
1,1949 is the day _____ the prc was founded.
a. which b. when c. that d. on that
14. is this the place ______ you were born? a. which
15. is this the place ______ you were born? a. which
16. is this the place ______ some german friends visited last year?
a. which d. why
house _______ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.
a. which
house _______ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.
a. that d. why
told her the reason____ why he is unhappy, but she doesn』t believe the reason ______ he gives her.
a. why; why b. why; which c. that; why d. which; why
ⅱ. 用適當的關係代詞that, which, who, whom填空。
1. the first thingyou must do is to h**e a meal. ]
2. april 1st is the dayis called april fool』s day in the west.
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