第四講動詞的時態(二)
姓名學校年級
【學習目標】
掌握動詞的基本用法，聯絡動詞，掌握時態。
【知識要點】
（1）現在進行時考點分析。
①表示說話時正在發生著的乙個動作；表示現階段但不一定是發生在講話時；表近期特定的安排或計畫；go、come等起止動作可用進行時代替將來時。如：
it is raining now.
he is teaching english and learning chinese.
i am meeting mr. wang tonight.
we are le**ing on friday.
at six i am bathing the baby.(i start bathing the bady before six.)
the girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用，表經常反覆的行動或某種感**彩)
②下面四類動詞不宜用現在進行時。（a）表示心理狀態、情感的動作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。
（b）表存在的狀態的動詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（c）表示一時性動作的動詞：
allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（d）表示感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（2）過去完成時考點分析（考核重點）。
①常用過去完成時的幾種情況：（a）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since後接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發生的動作。如：
by the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. the train had left before we reached the station. (b)表示曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。
常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to h**e done。（c）「時間名詞 + before」在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；「時間名詞 + ago」在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。
如：he said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. xiao hua left school 3 years ago.
（d）表示「一……就」的幾個句型：hardly / no sooner / scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時。如：
we had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = no sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before或after引導的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時態代替過去完成時。
after he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
we arrived home before it snowed.
（3）過去將來時考點分析。
參照一般將來時對比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來；come、go、le**e等過去進行時表過去將來時；was / were to do sth.
和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。
（4）過去進行時考點分析。
①過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內發生或頻繁發生。
②某一動作發生時另一動作正在發生，其中乙個在由when或while引導的時間狀語從句中。
（5）現在完成時考點分析。
①現在完成時除可以和for、since引導的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用現在完成時
it is (has been) + 一段時間 + since從句
this(that / it)is the first(second…)time that + 完成時
this(that / it)is the only … + that + 完成時
this(that / it)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 從句 + 完成時
③在時間或條件狀語從句中，現在完成時可以代替一般將來時。如：
i shall post the letter as soon as i h**e written it.
if you h**e done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
don』t get off the bus until it has stopped.
（6）注意幾組時態的區別：
一般過去時與現在完成時：時間上有差異：凡有過去時間的均用過去時態，不能用完成時態，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
結果上有差異：現在完成時強調的是對「現在」的影響和結果，動作到現在剛完成或還在繼續；一般過去時強調的是動作發生在「過去」，和現在毫無關係。
②過去完成時與一般過去時：過去完成時強調的是「過去的過去」；如出現同一主語連續幾個動作（「連謂」）形式則只用一般過去時即可。
【典型例題】
1. visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.
requested
解析：答案為b
2. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technologyso rapidly.
changed
h**e change
解析：答案為a
【課堂練習】
ⅰ.語法練習
1. i know a little bit about italy as my wife and ithere several years ago.
a. are going b. had beenc. wentd. h**e been
2. —is there anything wrong, bob? you look sad.
—oh, nothing much. in fact, i ____ of my friends back home.
a. h**e just thought b. was just thinking c.
would just think d. will just be thinking
3. —tom, you didn』t come to the party last night?
—i ____, but i suddenly remembered i had homework to do.
a. had to b. didn』t c. was going to d. wouldn』t
4. —did you tidy your room?
— no, i was going to tidy my room but i ______ visitors.
a. had b. h**e c. h**e had d. will h**e
5. they became friends again that day. until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.
a. didn't speak b. hadn't spoken c. h**en' t spoken been speaking
6. —how can i apply for an online course?
—just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you.
seeing c. h**e seen d. will see
7. —it was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
—oh,don』t mentiong _____past your house anyway.
a. was coming b. will come c. had come d. h**e come
8. —i saw jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
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