中考英語複習 2 冠詞講練

2022-11-29 06:33:03 字數 5852 閱讀 9594

專項2 冠詞

冠詞是一種輔助性的詞,不可在句中獨立擔任乙個成分。放在名詞前,幫助說明名詞的含義,使用極為頻繁。冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an)和定冠詞(the)兩種。

a和an的基本含義是「一,乙個」,表示泛指,不強調數目觀念,只表示名詞不是特定的;the的基本含義是「這個,那個」,表示特指,在可數的單複數名詞或不可數名詞前面都可以用。冠詞本身是虛詞,沒有意義,同時也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義

一、不定冠詞

不定冠詞用a還是an由後面乙個詞的首音(不是子音字母)決定。以母音開頭的詞前用an,以子音(包括半母音,不是母音字母)開頭的詞前用a。例如:

子音字母開頭:a tree, a university, a house, a european country

母音或半母音開頭:an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera

值得注意的是:

1.如果不定冠詞後面第乙個詞以母音字母u開頭就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。

2.如果不定冠詞後面第乙個詞以不發音的h開頭,而h後面第乙個音的音素是母音因素,就用an。例如hour, honest。

3.如果不定冠詞和名詞前有其他詞,不定冠詞的形式仍取決於它後面第乙個詞的語音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。

不定冠詞的用法如下:

1.用在單數可數名詞前,表示一類人或事物,如:

a dictionary is a useful book.

an underground train can start and stop quickly.

2.說明某人或某東西屬於哪一類,如:

this is a book.

he used to be an engineer.

3.泛指某人或某物,但未具體說明何人、何物,如:

a boy is waiting for me.

give me a pen, please.

4.表示數量,有「一」的意思,如:

behind the house there is a garden.

once a week.

5.用於某些固定片語中,如:

a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, h**e a rest, h**e a talk, h**e a fever, h**e a good time, h**e(take) a walk, h**e a toothache,

take a bath, give a lesson

二、定冠詞

定冠詞的用法如下:

1.指彼此都知道的人或事物,如:

open the door, please.

go and close the window.

2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,如:

the girl in red is my sister.

the man over there is our english teacher.

the book on the desk is mine.

3.指前面提到過的人或事物,如: here is a picture of a modern car factory. my father works

in the factory.

4.用在序數詞和形容詞最高端前,在方位詞前。如:

the nile is the longest river in the world.

he won the first prize.

the sun rises in the east.

5.用在某些名詞化的形容詞,過去分詞前,表示一類人或事物,

如:the rich, the sick, the new , the false

6.用在某些專用名詞前, 如:

the great wall

the people』s republic of china

the united nations

the netherlands

7.在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面,如:

the north china plain

the rocky mountains

the yangtse river

8.在一些用語中,如:

in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, the next

morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time

三、不用冠詞的情況

1.在不含普通名詞或只有乙個普通名詞專有名詞前,如:

china, beihai park

2.名詞前面已有用作定語的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代詞前,如:

the letter is from my father.

i h**e a book in my hand.

3.在複數名詞表示一類人或事物時,如:

horses are useful animals.

i like cakes.

4.在節日名稱,(稱呼語和表示官銜的名詞前)星期、月份、季節前。如:

today is sunday.

spring is the best season in the year.

children』s day

5.在某些固定搭配和習慣用語中,如:

go to school , be in hospital, be in prison

6.一天三餐,球類運動的名稱前,如:

i like to play basketball.

we h**e lunch at school.

第二節實戰演練

一、例題選講

例1 there ish」 inword 「photo」.

a. a,a b. an,the c. the,an d. an,an

例2 she ishonest girl.

a. an b. acd. the

例3 he goes to school afterbreakfast.

ab. the c. an d. a

例4browns are going to visityangtse river. it islongest river inchina andthird longest river inworld

二、複習時需要注意的要點

(1)在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示機構名稱、組織名稱和家具的名詞前,用定冠詞和用不定冠詞意義有差異。用定冠詞強調處所,而不用定冠詞意義有所引申。比較:

at table 就餐

at the table 坐在桌邊

go to school 去上學

go to the school 去這個學校

in hospital 住院

in the hospital 在這家醫院

go to prison (違法而)進監獄

go to the prison 到監獄

go to church 做禮拜

go to the church 到教堂

in class 在課堂上

in the class 在班級裡

(2)在某些詞前用不同冠詞(定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞),意義大不相同,例如:

a little/few 有一點

little/few 幾乎沒有

a number of 許多

the number of ……的數目

in front of 在……前面

in the front of 在……前部

take place 發生

take the place of 代替

out of the question 根本不可能

out of question 沒有問題

for a moment 片刻 for the moment 暫時

i.冠詞填空:在下列句中空白處填入適當冠詞,不需用冠詞處劃×。

1.there is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall.

2.this is _______ useful book.i've read it for _______ hour.

3. ____ elephant is much he**ier than _____ horse.

4. ____ doctor told him to take ____ medicine three times ____day.

5.let's go out for _______ walk.

6.it's too hot.open _______ door,please.

7.there is ____ woman over there. ____ woman is meimei's mother.

8sun rises in _______ east.

9. ______ changjiang river is _____ longest river in _____ china.

10.are you going to do it _______ second time?

11.washington is _______ capital of _______ usa.

12. ______ turners are living at the end of ______ turner street.

13.he joined the army in ______ spring of _______ 1995.

14old man is _______ teacher.he likes playingbasketball after _______ supper.

15.after i had _______ quick breakfast,i hurried to school.

16.are _____ sheep kept by _____ farmers for producing ____ wool and _____ meat?

17.they went to _______ people's park,but we both went topeople's cinema yesterday.

18.i often watch _______ tv in _______ evening.

19day of _______ december 20,1999 is monday.

20.tomorrow is _______ christmas day and my father and i went to choose _______ christmas tree today.

21.i think _______ maths is more important than any other subject.

22.he often goes to _______ school by _______ bike.

23.what does this _______ word meanfather?

24.what _______ important news!

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