語法複習專題（11）
unit11 名詞性從句
一、考點聚焦
1、名詞性從句中連線詞的運用
名詞性從句中的連線詞有連詞that / whether / as if，連線代詞what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連線副詞where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。
（1）that的用法。
①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如：
that they are good at english is known to us all.
the problem is that we don』t h**e enough money.
she expressed the hope that they would come to china one day.
②賓語從句中的連線詞that有時可省有時又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（a）當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略；（b）當that 從句與另一名詞性從句並列作賓語時，that不能省；（c）當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。如：
he judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand
wine
everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
the reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
③that從句作主語和賓語時，可以用it 來替換成以下幾種結構表達。
(a)it is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （b）it is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（c）it is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （d）it seems/happens that。如：
it happened that i went out last night.
it is said that china will win in the world cup.
④that和what的區別。
that 引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中不以當任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞 + 關係代詞即常說的先行詞 + that。如：
it』s shame that he has made such a mistake. do what he says.
⑤同位語從句與定語從句中that的區別。
同位語從句中的連詞that只起連線作用，在從句中不擔當任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關係代詞that在句中做賓語或主語，賓語與先行詞有修飾關係。如果句子是同位語從句，就應用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞後解釋名詞的含義或內容，如以下名詞：
news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如：
they expressed the hope that they would come to visit china again.(同位語從句)
the hope she expressed is that they would come to visit china again.（定語從句）
（2）whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時連線詞一般用whether。如：
it all depends on whether they will come back.
②後面直接跟or not 時用whether。如：
i didn』t know whether or not he had arrived in wuhan.
③主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如：
whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
the question is whether they h**e so much money.
④whether可以引導同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內容，if不能。如：
we ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do
it or not.
⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。如：
the question of whether they are male or female is not impor-
tant.
i h**e not decided whether to go or not.
⑥間接引語位於句首時或者是間接引語提前時用whether不用if。如：
thank you, but whether i』ll be free i』m not sure at the moment.
⑦whether可引導乙個讓步狀語從句表示「不管」、「無論」，而if不能。如：
whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
（3）疑問詞 + ever和no matter + 疑問詞的區別。
①疑問詞 + ever可引導名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的部分。如：
whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
you can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如：
whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。如：
no matter what you do, you must do it well.
no matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
（4）when和where引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區別。
when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞，則when和where引導的是定語從句，否則則為同位語從句。如：
they put forward the question where they could get the money.
this is the place where the accident happened.
2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時態一致
（1）賓語從句中主句和從句的時態保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現象，雖然主句是過去時態，從句仍用一般現在時。如：
hello,i didn』t know you were in london. how long h**e you been here?
the teacher told us that light tr**els at a very high speed.
（2）主語從句作主語相當於單數第三人稱作主語，謂語動詞用單數，如果由and 連線兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用複數；由兩個或多個連線詞引導乙個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數。如：
when the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
when they will start and where they go h**e not been decided yet.
when and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
3、名詞性從句的詞序
名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如：
he asked me what was the matter with me.
we』ve heard the news that we』ll move into the new house.
whatever you say will interest us all.
二、精典名題導解
選擇填空
1. a computer can only doyou h**e instructed it to do.(nmet 2001)
解析：答案為c。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當一成分，故what最合適。
2. —i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week..
—is thatyou had a few days off ? (nmet 99)
解析：答案為a。此題考查的是從句的用法。
根據題意「我上週開車去珠海看航空展去了。」下面一句接著問：「那就是你為什麼離開的原因嗎？
」故用why引導表語從句表示原因。
3. i hatewhen peope talk with their mouths full.(nmet 98)
解析：答案為a。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。
題意為「我討厭人們談話時嘴裡塞滿東西」。該空白處沒有任何含義，而且已經用了when連線該賓語從句，所以此處只填乙個形式賓語it。
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