名詞性從句之異同
名詞性從句可分別作主句的主語、賓語、表語和同位語,在英語閱讀和運用中經常遇到，是高中英語中主要學習內容,。名詞性從句在結構上有其許多相似之處,也有一些明顯之區別。
一、名詞性從句的相同之處
1. 關連詞相同。
a）連詞 that，whether
b）連線代詞 who，what，which，whose
c）連線副詞 when，where，why，how
2．名詞性從句均不能用逗號和主句分開。
名詞性從句相同句法結構表
二、名詞性從句句法結構不同用法區別
1．主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常用以it作形式主語的句型有：
it + be + 形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, quite clear, unusual, etc.) + that從句。
如： it is certain that she will do well in her exam.
it is probable that he told her everything.
it + be + 名詞片語(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) + that從句。
如： it's a pity that we can't go.
it's no surprise that our team should h**e won the game.
it + be + 過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) + that從句。
如： it is said that mr green has arrived in beijing.
it is reported that china has sent another man-made earth
satellite into orbit.
it + seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+ that從句。
如: it seems that alice is not coming to the party at all.
it happened that i was out that day.
it + doesn't matter(makes no difference, etc.) + 連線代詞或連線副詞引起的主語從句。
如： it doesn't matter whether she will come or not.
it makes no difference where we shall h**e the meeting.
當that引導的主語從句出現在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語而把主語從句後置。
如： is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next
week?
does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
連線代詞whoever、whatever、whichever可引導主語從句。
例： whoever comes will be welcome.
whatever he did was right.
whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.
1.如果賓語從句後還有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句後置。
如：we thought it strange that xiao wang did not come yesterday.
he has made it clear that he will not give in.
2.作介詞的賓語
連詞that引導的名詞從句很少作介詞的賓語，只在except, but, besides介詞後偶爾看到。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語。
如：he is a good student except that he is careless.
you may depend on it that they will support you.
3.某些形容詞或過去分詞後常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,連詞that可省略。有的語法書上把這種從句稱為狀語從句。
如：i am not sure what i ought to do.
i』m afraid you don』t understand what i said.
i』m surprised that i didn』t see all that before.
mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
4.連詞whether(...or not)或if引導的賓語從句
1)if和whether引導的賓語從句可以互換使用，但whether常和or not 連用，if則不習慣與or not連用；賓語從句是否定句時，一般用if引導。
如: i wonder whether(不能用if) it is true or not.
i don't care if(不能用whether) it doesn't rain.
2)用if引導賓語從句如果會引起歧義，應避免使用if而用whether。試比較：
please let me know if you want to go.
please let me know whether you want to go.
(if從句既可理解為賓語從句又可理解為條件狀語從句。)
3)作介詞的賓語只能用whether，不能用if。如：
everything depends on whether we h**e enough experience.
5.介詞賓語不可以用which來引導，而要用what來引導。
如：are you sorry for what you've done?
6.賓語從句的否定轉移。think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞後賓語從句，有時謂語儘管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動詞變為否定形式。
如：i don't think you are right.
i don't believe they h**e finished their work yet.
i don't suppose he cares, does he?
he doesn't expect we need worry.
order, demand等動詞後面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。(可參閱虛擬語氣的有關內容)
8. 連線代詞whoever、whatever、whichever可引導賓語從句。
例：i'll show you whatever you want to see.
you may choose whoever you like.
i』ll take whichever fits the sockets(插座).
[, ]
1.連詞as if(好像, 彷彿) 引導表語從句(if不能引導表語從句)。能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。
如：it looked as if it was going to rain.
2.連詞because可引導表語從句。
例：i think it is because you are doing too much.
my anger is because he hadn』t written to me for a long time.
[, ]
1.用以說明抽象名詞的具體內容,常見的同位語從句抽象名詞有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。
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