（一）句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種：
1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：he is six years old; she didn't hear of you before.
2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：do they like skating? how old is he?
is he six or seven years old? mary can swim, can't she?
3）祈使句：be careful, boys; don't talk in class
4）感嘆句：how clever the boy is!
2、按句子的結構可分三種：
一、簡單句: 定義：只包含乙個主謂結構的句子叫做簡單句(****** sentence)。
(1) 主語+連繫動詞+表語(s+v+p )
the weather is very cold.
(2) 主語+不及物動詞(s+vi )
he laughed.
(3) 主語+及物動詞+賓語(s+v+o )
i like chinese food.
(4) 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 (s+v+io+do)
she taught them physics.
(5) 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(s+v+o+c)
we must keep the room warm.
(6)there be +主語+地點狀語
there is a book, a pen and some pencils on the desk.
二、並列句: 定義：包含兩個或多個互不依從的主謂結構，通常由乙個或多個並列連詞來連線的句子叫做並列句(compound sentence)。
並列句分為: 順承或聯合聯合並列句,轉折並列句,選擇並列句和因果並列句
1. 順承或聯合並列句常由並列詞and, then, not only…but also…, neither…
nor…等連線
如: use your hand, and you』ll find a way.
2.轉折並列句常由並列連詞but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等連線
如:i would love to h**e gone to the
注:2,3,4點內容不在這裡介紹,講參閱相關章節
party last night but i had to
work extra hours to finish a report.
3.選擇並列句常由並列連詞or, either…or…,等連線
如:either you le**e this house or i』ll call the police.
4.因果並列句由並列連詞so, for, therefore 等連線.
如:it was late, so we went home. / it was late; therefore, we went home.
5.在「祈使句+and/or+陳述句」結構中,當前後兩部分間為承接關係時,用and;前後意思為相反關係時,用or.可將前面的祈使句轉換成由if引導的條件狀語從句,但必須將and 或or 去掉.
如: hurry up, and we』ll be there in time.= if we hurry up, we』ll be there in time.
6. because和so; although, though和but 不能連用
練習：分清下列句子是簡單句還是並列句, 學習劃分句子成分, 並翻譯。
例如：（1）time flies. 簡單句，(s + vi )
( 2 ) the beauty attracts many people. 簡單句，(s + vt + o)
1. our meeting is over.
2. i like music
3. birds sing beautifully.
4. i sent him an english-chinese dictionary yesterday.
5. we named our baby jacky.
6. he showed me how to do it.
7. you should study hard.
8. we must keep the classroom clean.
9. are there any students reading in the classroom then?
10. this box weighs five kilos.
11. my cousin enjoys living here.
12. uncle wang bought his son an english-chinese dictionary.
13. they don't allow people to smoke in the waiting room.
14. there is a public swimming pool in their school.
15. do you know her younger sister?
16. did you see anyone go into that house?
17. she always keeps everything in good order.
18. time would prove me right
19. luckily, he was not badly hurt.
20. she is fond of collecting stamps.
21. hurry up, or you will be late.
22. either you are mad or he is
23. not only is he an actor but also he is a director.
24. neither are they farmers nor they are workers.
25. they first worked as doctors and later they worked as writers.
26. i was doing housework while he was playing chess.
27. i 』ve got a cold, so i 』m going to bed.
28. you must work hard, whereas you will fall behind.
29. the child hid behind his mother's skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.
30. he was tired, so he went to bed.
31. he made a promise, but he didn』t keep it.
32. i like volleyball, while my brother likes basketball.
33. .my name is robert，but most of my friends call me bob for short.
34. work hard, and you're sure to be successful in this exam.
35. the food was good, but he had little appetite.
36. do what you』ve been told; otherwise you will be punished.
37. my brother studied hard；thus he succeeded in passing the exam.
38. mary didn't review her lessons；therefore, she couldn't answer the teacher's questions.
39. he said it was so；however, he was mistaken.
40. he scarcely knows a word of german, but he speaks french perfectly.
二、按要求完成下列句子：
1. he dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句）
2. they h**e lived here for more than ten years.（對畫線部分提問）
3. there will be a sports meet at the end of this month完成反意疑問）
4. you must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）
5. they went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問句)
6. it is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）
7. this magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對畫線部分提問）
8. they could hardly believe his words完成反意疑問）
9. the moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）
english teacher is always encouraging us to speak english in class. （對畫線部分提問）
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