英語語法講義01：英語構詞與句子結構
構詞法基本上包括下列三項：
1．詞根（root）
2．派生詞（derivative）
3．合成詞（compound words）
詞類（parts of speech）
a．noun．-n．
miss lin is our english teacher．
john and tom are good friends．
i call my puppy 「luck」．
can you ride a bicycle？
you can go by taxi．
b．pronoun—pron．
helen is a student．she goes to school by bus every day．
-who is there ?
-it's me ,tom .
i see her at school every day．
helen is my good friend．i go to school together with her every morning．
c． adjective-a．/adj．
a good boysome beautiful flowersanything good
helen is a beautiful girl．
helen looks very beautiful．
d．verb-v．
tom goes to school by bicycle every day．
he is a very bright student．
the teacher punished the lazy students．
farmers here grow rice and vegetables．
they are talking about the picnic．
does your father speak english?
i didn't see her yesterday．
can you ride a bicycle?
e．adverb-adv．
we do not go to school on sundays．
mary reads very well．
my teacher always speaks slowly but clearly.
she looks very happy today.
thank you very much.
f．preposition—prep.
a mouse ran out from under the wall.
bring me the book on your desk.
they are studying quietly in the classroom.
g．conjuction—conj.
boys and girlspoor but happy
in the city and in the country.
by bus or by train
he is not very bright but he studies hard.
i didn't h**e breakfast this morning, so i am hungry now.
coordinate conjunction: 表達並列功能的連詞叫做並列連詞，並列連詞兩端的詞的詞類必須相等。
subordinate conjunction： 本身不能獨立表達完整的意思而只在句子中作句子結構的一部分者叫做從句。用以連線從句使其在主句中發揮表達功能的詞叫做從屬連詞。
as，when，since，that，who，which，what，…
從句（subordinate clause.）
i know that he is a very good student.
people who use free time well are usually healthy and happy.
many people enjoy reading when they h**e free time.
h．interjection—int.
ah！ o（halas！ dear me！ my god!
sentence structure:
i. basic types of clause
例句:i am a webaholic.
i like chatting online.
chatting on the internet is interesting.
chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.
we can call internet addicts a webaholic.
internet dating hurts.
翻譯：那件事太危險。
這捆柴50公斤。
中國地大物博，人口眾多。
例句：1.
man proposes; god disposes.
modesty benefits; pride hurts.
the sun rises and the sun sets. stars glitter and stars vanish. there are ups and downs in everyone』s life.
they h**e been signing for half an hour.
great minds think alike.
2. the leaf will turn yellow in autumn.
i』ve got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week.
the best proof of love is trust.
bread is the staff of life.
beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
判斷正誤：
he looks happily.
he shouted loudly.
除了be以外的系動詞：linking verbs
1）單純表示主語的特徵、狀態：
feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear, etc.
翻譯：這玫瑰花聞起來不是很香。
2)表示主語由一種狀態轉變為另一種狀態的：become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come, etc.
our supplies of sugar and rice fell short.
the jokes fell flat.
3)表示主語保持某種狀態的：continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest, prove, etc.
he has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy.
you may rest assured that he will come to the party.
*4）近似於不及物動詞的系動詞：sit, act, arrive, blush, marry, die, be born, etc.
mr. bean often acted weird in public.
the boy blushed scarlet.
all the audience sat silent.
比較：he woks hard.
he died young.
比較：jane austin died a spinster.
he died a hero』s death.
3. beauty will buy no beef.
the picture flattered her.
4.a personal bodyguard had been assigned to her.
would you mind fetching some coffee for me.
fill in the blank:
which type of oil do you recommend ____ my car?
i recommend this book _____ anyone with an interest in chemistry.
i h**e decided to recommend you _____ the directorship.
the repairman charged me _____ ten dollars.
can i ask a question _____ you?
i』ve promised that book ______ tom.
i』ll bet you ten _____dollars
5. the couple named their baby johnson.
i keep the door open.
the naughty boy knocked the bottle over.
he ordered his men to fire.
he heard me singing.
i saw the vase broken.
they look on him as a teacher.
i asked him what he was doing.
區分：i made john our chairman.
i made john a cake.
ii. the modifiers of basic clause
1. adj. poor john went to a hospital nearby.
2. n. elevator girl man/woman police ball pen
3. numeral two boys need two pens.
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