初中英語動詞時態專項講解及練習題-
時態的基本判定方式：
一、時間狀語同時態的關係：一般情況下，簡單句可根據句中的時間狀語確定謂語動詞的時態。其判定方式如下：
1.一般現在時態：謂語動詞原形或三單(do 或does ); 被動結構：am,is,are done
句中含有：often，usually，sometimes，hardly，every day(week ,year…), on sundays,
in the morning（afternoon,evening）.once a week等時間狀語時。
2.現在進行時態： (am,is,are doing)。 被動結構：am,is,are being done
常用的標誌詞有：now，look， listen，it』s eight o』clock.等。
3.一般將來時態: will do 或be going to do； 被動結構：will be done
句中含有tomorrow; next week（next +具體時間）; in two hours（in +一段時間）; (how) soon; from now on; 10 years from now（一段時間+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +將來的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+將來時間）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this weekend等時間狀語時，謂語動詞用一般將來時；
4.一般過去式態 ：謂語動詞用過去式形式(did)。 被動結構：was,were done
句中含有yesterday; last year（last + 具體時間）; two days ago（一段時間 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 過去的年代）; the other day; over the weekend等時間狀語時，謂語動詞用一般過去時；
5、過去進行時態：結構：was/were doing 被動結構：was,were being done
句中有yesterday等過去時間狀語，又有乙個具體時間點（at 5:00; this time; at that time, when i came in等）時，謂語動詞用過去進行時；
6、現在完成時態：結構：h**e/has done 被動結構：h**e，has been done
句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段時間）; over the years（over the+一段時間）; since 2005（since+具體時間或從句）; for two years（for+一段時間，句中無其它時間狀語）; before（單獨用於句尾）等時間狀語時，謂語動詞用現在完成時；
7、過去完成時態：結構：had done 被動結構：had been done
by (the end of) last year（by+過去時間）; two days before（一段時間+before）; for和since說明的時間同時用於句中;by the time + 從句（過去時態）等時間狀語時，謂語動詞用過去完成時；
8、過去將來時結構：would do/was,were going to do 被動結構：would be done
常用於賓語從句中。he said that he would come back the next day.
9、簡單句中如不含上述時間狀語或有含說話時間在內的表示現在時間關係的詞語時（如now; today; these days等詞），其時態的判定一般按以下步驟進行：
句中是否含有表示頻率關係的詞。如有，用一般現在時；
句子是否說明客觀規律。如是，用一般現在時；(work/works)
句中動詞是否表示狀況。如是，用一般現在時；
句中動詞是否為延續性動態動詞。如是，用現在進行時(be doing)；
句中動詞是否為完成性動詞（瞬間動詞）。如是，用現在完成時。
二、主從句時態的一致性原則：主從復合句可根據其時態一致性原則，通過主從句中任意乙個句子的時態確定另外乙個句子的時態；含有時間狀語從句的主從句還可通過其引導詞所表示的不同時間關係，確定主句和從句的時態。
三、通過上下文關係判定時態：另外我們還可以根據並列謂語的時態一致性原則、問句和答語的時態一致關係、無轉折時間的短文時態一致原則等上下文時態的關聯以及句子的邏輯關係來判定句子中謂語動詞的時態。
exercise
( )1. what _____ you _____ over the weekend?
a. will; do b. does; do c. did; do d. were,; doing
( )2. xiao li usually _____ to school by bike last year.
a. goesb. wentc. will go d. is going
( )3. what _____ in our town 100 years from now?
a. happened b. is happened c. has happened d. will happen
( )4. mr. smith _____ to see you in an hour.
a. cameb. has come c. will come d. comes
( )5. _____ you _____ from your parents recently?
a. did; hear b. h**e; heard c. do; hear d. will; hear
( )6. we _____ tv at home this time last night.
a. were watching b. watched c. h**e watched d. would watch
( )7. we _____ over 1500 english words by the end of last month.
a. h**e learned b. had learned c. will learn d. learnt
( )8. she _____ in shanghai for ten years since 1992.
a. has lived b. had lived c. livedd. will live
( )9. she _____ in shanghai for ten years.
a. has lived b. had lived c. livedd. will live
( )10. we all know that the earth _____ round the sun.
a. goesb. wentc. is going d. will go
( )11. 「where are the boys?」 「they _____ soccer on the playground.」
a. playb. are playing c. were playing d. played
( )12. look! lucy _____ under the tree.
a. readsb. is reading c. was reading d. read
( )13. he _____ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.
a. has collected b. had collected c. collected d. will collect
( )14. jim _____ a letter to his parents at 7:30 last night.
a. had written b. wrotec. would write d. was writing
( )15. the smiths _____ in beijing since two weeks ago.
a. stayedb. were staying c. would stay d. h**e stayed
( )16. 「when _____ you _____ the bike?」 「last monday.」
a. h**e; bought b. did; buy c. will; buy d. do; buy
( )17. look! the boy _____english now.
a. likesb. likedc. is liking d. was liking
( )18. most students in our class _____ tv twice a week.
a. watchb. watched c. will watch d. are watching
( )19. how soon _____ they _____ back from work?
a. do; come b. did; come c. h**e; come d. will; come
( )20. 「where _____ you _____ mr. li?」 「in his office, half an hour ago.」
a. will; see b. did; see c. h**e, seen d. do; see
( )21. i _____ a new dictionary. look! it』s very useful.
a. bought b. will buy c. h**e bought d. would buy
( )22. i won』t watch the movie tonight. i _____ it before.
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