形容詞和副詞語法講解

2023-01-13 12:24:04 字數 5187 閱讀 9345

1.形容詞的用法和位置

1)形容詞作表語,表明主語的性質和特徵,放在連系動詞之後。如:

computers are very useful in our everyday life.

le**es turn yellow in autumn.

2)形容詞作定語,修飾名詞或不定代詞,通常放在名詞之前,不定代詞之後。如:

this is an unhealthy diet.

there is nothing important in today』s news*****.

3)形容詞作賓語補足語,放在賓語之後,與其構成復合賓語。如:

you should keep your classroom clean and tidy.

i found it difficult to get on well with the manager.

2.副詞的用法和位置

1)副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,表示動作、狀態的特徵或某種性質的程度。根據其用途與含義,副詞可分為下列六大類:

(1)時間副詞。常用的有:ago,before,now,then,soon,already,yet等。

(2)地點副詞。常用的有:here,there,up,down,above,below,inside,outside等。

(3)疑問副詞。常見的有:where,when,why,how等。

(4)程度副詞。常見的有:very,much,so,too,quite,enough等。

(5)方式副詞。多由「形容詞+ly」字尾構成。如:carefully,quickly,easily,quietly等。

(6)頻度副詞。常用的有:always,often,sometimes,usually,hardly,never等。

2)副詞在句中主要用作狀語。也可充當定語、表語等。如:

it』s snowing he**ily outside.(狀語,修飾動詞)

i h**e never heard such a beautiful voice.(狀語,修飾動詞)

unluckily, he failed in this physics exam again.(狀語,修飾整個句子)

he was too excited to say a word.(狀語,修飾形容詞)

class is over.(表語)

the weather here is different from that of singapore.(定語)

3)程度副詞通常位於被修飾的形容詞副詞之前,但enough則要放在後面。如:

it was much more freezing today than yesterday.

he ran so fast that i couldn』t catch up with him.

we got up early enough to catch the first bus.

4)頻度副詞通常位於行為動詞之前,be動詞、助動詞和情態動詞之後,但一般不放在句末。如:

i h**e never been late for class.

you must always work like that.

5)幾個副詞同時出現時,其順序一般為:方式副詞+地點副詞+時間副詞(也可位於句首)。

3.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高端的構成

形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高端的構成分為三種型別:

1)在大多數單音節詞和少數雙音節詞的詞尾加er,est。

(1)一般情況在詞尾加-er,est。如:hard harder hardest

(2)以字母e結尾的只加-r,-st。如:large larger largest

(3)以子音字母+y結尾的,先改y為i,再加-er,est。如:healthy healthier healthiest

(4)單元音單子音結尾的重讀閉音節,先雙寫該子音,再加-er,est。如:thin thinner thinnest

注:詞尾為ow,er,le結尾的雙音節詞都採用這種形式。如:

narrow narrower narrowest

clever cleverer cleverest

****** ******r ******st

2)在多音節和部分雙音節詞的詞前加more,most。另外,由過去分詞轉化而成的形容詞,不論多少個音節都用這種形式。如:

serious more serious most serious

popular more popular most popular

tired more tired most tired

pleased more pleased most pleased

3)不規則變化:

good/well betterbest

bad/ill/badly worseworst

many/much more most

littlelessleast

fa***rther/further farthest/furthest

oldolder/elder oldest/eldest

4.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高端的用法

1)同級比較。常用句型為:

肯定結構:as+形容詞(副詞)原級+ as

否定結構:not so (as)+形容詞(副詞)原級+as如: our garden is as beautiful as theirs.

jane didn't write as/so carefully as her elder sister.

上述本句型前可以有表示倍數或分數的修飾語,如:this room is three times as large as that one.

2)程度不等的比較,常與than連用,其基本句型是: a+形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than b

如:shanghai is bigger than any other city in china. which do you like better, strawberries or grapes?

3)最高端。最高端用於三者或三者以上的比較,其結構是:

the+形容詞(副詞)最高端+比較範圍(of/among/in短語) 如: spring is the best season in shanghai.

d**id is the cleverest among the three brothers. tom jumps (the) farthest of all the students.

注:副詞的最高端前the可以省略。

5.學習比較等級時的—些注意事項

1)比較的物件應當一致。如:

it's hotter in guangzhou than beijing.(誤)

it's hotter in guangzhou than in beijing.(正)

a woman's heart beats faster than a man.(誤)

a woman's heart beats faster than a man』s.(正)

2)不能與自身相比較。應借助other或else來表達排除。

如:beckham is more popular than any football player in the world.(誤) beckham is more popular than any other football player in the world(正)

beckham is more popular than all the other football players in the world.(正)

beckham is more popular than any football player, else in the world.(正)

beckham is the most popular football player in the world.(正)

3)形容詞和副詞的比較級前可以用以下單詞來修飾:much, even, far, a bit, a little, a lot,still等。

this pair of shoes is even cheaper.

the new textbook is a little thicker than the old one.

he is five years younger than i.

4)在比較級的句子**現「of the two」之類的結構時,比較級前也需加定冠詞the。如:

he is the shorter of the two boys.

which is the larger country, canada or australia?

5)「比較級+ and+比較級」結構,表示「越來越……」,多音節詞則要用「more+ and+more+原級」。如:

a block of ice is becoming smaller and smaller.

i am more and more interested in history.

6)「the+比較級,the+比較級」結構,表示「越是……就越」。如:

the sooner, the better.(越快越好。)

the busier he is, the happier he feels.

習題——形容詞副詞

基本型 (用所給單詞或漢語提示的適當形式填空):

mr. benson seems to be thebusy) man in the world.

「the sooner, thegood)」, uncle wang said. (廣東)

jack has the ______ (little) bread of the three boys.(98吉林)

we don』t think their classroom is ______(乾淨) than ours.

meimei walks as慢) as lily does.99蘭州)

who』s _______(好) than you at english in your class? (西安)

the teacher asked us to take a _____ (仔細) look at everything in the lab.浙江)

shanghai is one of the大) cities in the world.(寧夏)

which is thebeautiful) skirt of the three?

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