i． 動詞不定式有兩種形式：1，帶to 2.不帶to
ii． 特徵具有：形容詞；名詞；副詞的特徵，在句中可充當主；表；賓；定, 補；狀
iii． 形式：
主動形式被動形式
一般式 to doto be done
完成式 to h**e doneto h**e been done
進行式 to be doing
eg. you like to tell me how you overcame the difficulties?
2. i prefer to go there by bike.
3. we』ll send him to study abroad.
功能：一、做主語
to persevere means victory.
to be here is a great pleasure.
to find mary there made me happy.
在現代語中通常用it 來代替它做主語
eg: 1).it is not an easy thing to master a language.
2). it only took us a year to complete the subject.
3). it made us very angry to hear him talk like that.
如果要說不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加 for sb.+to do
eg: 1). it is important for us to learn english well.
2). it』s a great pleasure for us to be here this evening.
3). it』s a pity for you to h**e to stay indoors in this weather.
4). it』s rather difficult for the people over there to see the screen.
it + be + adj.+ of / for sb. to do sth.
當形容詞與sb.存在邏輯上的主謂關係時用 of 反之用 for
it is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.
easy, difficult, necessary, important, impossible, expensive, useful, dangerous, interesting, possible, bad…
it is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth.
right, wrong, br**e, clever, naughty, careless, careful, nice, good, natural, strange, impolite, polite, kind, stupid, thoughtful, cruel, silly, rude, foolish, wise ….
eg: it is kind of you to say so.
it was careless of you to break the coffee cups.
it is possible for him master the art of speaking.
it is not right for them to stop the test halfway.
二、做賓語
1． 直接帶 to: want to do 型
want; wish, hope, manage, ask, offer, agree, choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, expect, learn, pretend, promise, refuse 等
eg: i longed to become a football star.
he agreed to keep it secret.
2． vt.+ wh + to do 型
decide, find out, know, learn, think, wonder, tell, show, teach, rember, see, understand, find out, advise, inform 等
eg: don』t know what to do.
don』t know where to go.
don』t know whom to ask.
don』t know when to stop.
don』t know how to get there.
translation:1. 我還沒有決定是賣了它還是不賣.
2. 我們必須弄明白下一步該做什麼。
3. 她不知道要買哪乙個。
4. 去年夏天，他教我如何游泳。
3. vt.+ to do/doing (意義相近)
love, hate, like, dislike, start, begin, prefer, continue,
to do/ doing (意義不同)
stop to/doing
go on to do /go on doing
mean to do/ mean doing
try to do/try doing
forget to do /forget doing
remember to do / remember doing
regret to/regret doing
to be done/ doing ( 意義相同)
need want require deserve
6. but / except + to do/ do
eg: 1. he seldom comes except to look at my pictures.
2. the child did nothing except weep.
3. she can do anything but sing.
7. 形式賓語 it
find, think, consider, make, feel …
i found it difficult to understand him.
we thought it wrong not to tell him.
三．做表語
to do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
eg.四：做賓補
1． ask sb. to do sth.
( tell, invite, force, oblige, get, beg, allow, wish, want, like, hate, expect, advise, order, warn, cause 等)
2． 二聽、三使、五看、知道、感覺和發現+ sb. do sth.
（主動語態不帶to 被動語態帶to）
eg: we heard someone come up the stairs.
someone was heard to come up the stairs.
3. 動詞片語+賓語+不定式
arrange for, wait for, ask for, prepare for, wish for , long for, rely on, depend on, call on 等
eg: i』ll arrange for the guests to tour several country towns.
they are waiting for the school bus to come.
4. 動詞+賓語+（to be）+名詞或形容詞
consider, prove, believe, find, suppose, know, think, judge 等
eg: everyone thought dick ( to be) a clever boy.
we believe it (to be) a true story.
5. with/le**e +賓語+不定式
eg: with a lot of homework to do, he had to stay at home.
i』ll le**e you to buy the tickets.
五： 做定語
eg: 1). she usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.
2).do you h**e anything more to say?
3).he is not a man to bow before difficulties.
4). let』s first find a room to put things in.
5). there is nothing to worry about.
6). she is a very nice person to work with.
is that the best way to solve the problem?
they had no chance to get to school before liberation.
六、做狀語1。目的2。結果3。情緒adj.表原因
eg: 1. he went home to see his mother.
2. he opened the door for the children to come in.
3. he shouted and w**ed so as to be noticed.
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