語法：現在完成時
1、現在完成時的定義：
現在完成時表示動作發生在過去，但與現在情況有聯絡有影響，即用乙個發生在過去的動作來說明現在的情況。
2、現在完成時的謂語構成：
助動詞h**e/has + 動詞的過去分詞
3、常用時間狀語：
（1）與包括「現在」在內的時間狀語連用，如：by now（到現在為止） , so far（迄今為止） , these days（這些天來）, this year, this month, today, in the past few years（在過去的幾年以來）等；
h**e planted many flowers this year.
china has changed a lot in the past few years.
i h**e learned two thousand words so far(by now).
it has rained these days.
(2)與副詞連用，如：just, before, already,never,ever,yet,
recently，since, for等
h**e you ever watched harry potter?
the new book h**e not arrived yet.
h**e you heard from him yet?
they h**e already finished their homework.
i h**e never seen an alien.
he has just come.
we h**e seen the movie before.
my mother has worked here since 1949.
i h**e taught english in this school for six years.
4、用法：
（1）表示過去發生的或已完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。「幹了/幹過某事」
i h**e finished my work.
she has read all these books.
the man has lived in china.
比較：i h**e seen the film.(我了解電影的內容)
i saw the film last week.(只說明上週看過電影)
he has lived here since 1972.（現在他還住在這裡）
he lived here in 1972.(不涉及現在是否住在這裡)
（2）表示從過去開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態，可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。「幹某事多長時間」
for +段時間 since +時間點/一般過去時的句子
(都用how long 提問) →配套練習p44 a
例：we h**e learned english for three years.
we h**e learned english since three years ago.
how long h**e you learned english?
they h**e known each other since they were young.
how long h**e they known each other?
練習：一、將下列句子變成否定句和一般疑問句：
h**e made a mistake.
has done this exercise well.
h**e heard of the writer.
train has arrived.
h**e seen these two english films.
uncle has taught me to skate.
has left his book at home.
mother has cooked the dinner.
smith has been to beijing.
has lived in new york.
二、用for 或since 填入下列句子：
has lived here _____ six years.
teacher has taught at this school _____ 1972.
h**e lived in this street _____ 1975.
daughter has been abroad _____ a year and half.
h**e been awake _____ six o』clock.
weather has been very cold _____ christmas(聖誕節)
smith hasn』t tr**elled by train _____ he bought his new car.
h**en』t had a swim _____ a year.
hasn』t had a headache _____ she began to wear her new glasses.
三、用所給動詞的適當形式填空：
____ already ____（h**e）my lunch,i ____ (h**e) it at school.
_____ (not hear) from john since he ______ (h**e) two months ago.
______（not buy）me a new bike yet.
father ______ (not buy) me a new bike yesterday.
4.____ you ever _____ (be) to the great wall?
_____ (know) each other since we ____ (be) young.
6._____ you _____ (write) to your mother?
no, i _____ . i ______ (write) to her this evening.
7._____ he _____ (finish) his homework?
nohe ______ (do) it tomorrow.
sorry i _____ (keep) you _____ (wait) for a long time.
_____ (not see) him these days.
years _____ (pass) since he _____ (join) the party.
11.--____ h**e you been living here?
--for ten years.
much many long often
12.--____ did you first swim?
--five years ago.
初中語法現在完成時
現在完成時專項講解 現在完成時的定義 現在完成時表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。現在完成時的構成 1.肯定句 現在完成時的肯定句式是 h e has 過去分詞 注意 該句式中的h e或has是助動詞，has用於第三人稱單數，其它人稱一律用h e。2.否定句 現在完成時的否定句...
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