新概念一冊語法點彙總
第一部分:時態8種
一般現在時，現在進行時，一般過去時，現在完成時，一般將來時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時
1. 一般現在時
表示一般性，經常性的動作或一般性事實。
（1）含有be動詞的句子
the girl is very beautiful.
tim and jack are students.
★變疑問句三步驟：將be動詞移到句首，首字母大寫，句號變問號。
is the girl very beautiful?
are tim and jack students?
★變否定句在be動詞後面加not
the girl is not very beautiful.
tim and jack are not students.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, she is. no, she is not.
yes, they are. no, they are not.
（2）不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子
第三人稱單數及單數名詞
she likes him.
the dog likes bones.
★變疑問句三步驟：在句首加does, 動詞變為原型，問號變句號。
does she like him?
does the dog like bones?
★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn』t, 動詞變為原型，原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化：有了助動詞的幫助，句中動詞變回原形！
she doesn』t like him.
the dog doesn』t like bones.
★肯定回答及否定回答：
yes, she does. no, she doesn』t
yes, it does. no, it doesn』t.
注意：第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞後面加s，不要和名詞複數混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞複數沒有任何變化。
其他人稱及複數名詞
i want to h**e a bath.
we h**e some meat.
the students like smart teachers.
★變疑問句：在句首加do，句號變問號。
do you want to h**e a bath?
do we h**e any meat?
do the students like smart teachers?
★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don』t.
you don』t want to h**e a bath.
we don』t h**e any meat.
the students don』t like smart teachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, i do. no, i don』t.
yes, we do. no, we don』t
yes, they do. no, they don』t.
2. 現在進行時
表示現在正在進行的動作。
構成： 主語+be動詞+動詞的現在分詞doing
we are h**ing lunch.
he is reading a book.
the dog is running after a cat.
the boys are swimming across the river.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
are we h**ing lunch?
is he reading a book?
is the dog running after a cat?
are the boys swimming across the river?
★變否定句在be動詞後面加 not
we are not h**ing lunch.
he is not reading a book.
the dog is not running after a cat.
the boys are swimming across the river.
★特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑問詞+動詞+主語+現在分詞
what are you doing?
what is she doing?
what is the dog doing?
沒有進行時的動詞(必背)
表示狀態，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作
1. 表示感覺，感官的詞
see, hear, like, love, want,
2. h**e, has當「擁有」講時沒有進行時
3. 一般過去時
表示過去發生的動作或事件， 常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,
含有be動詞的句子， 將動詞變為過去式，am, is的過去式為was，are的過去式為were
i was at the butcher』s.
you were a student a year ago.
the teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
★變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首
were you at the butcher』s?
were you a student a year ago?
was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
★變否定句在be動詞後面加not
i was not at the butcher』s.
you were not a student a year ago.
the teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
★肯定回答否定回答
yes, i was. no, i was not.
yes, you were. no, you were not.
yes, he/she was. no, he/she was not.
★特殊疑問句：
what did you do?
不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變為過去式
i finished my homework yesterday.
the boy went to a restaurant.
the sawyers lived at king street a year ago.
★變疑問句三步驟：在句首加did， 動詞變為原型，句號變問號。
did you finish your homework yesterday?
did the boy go to a restaurant?
did the sawyers live at king street a year ago?
★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did not
i did not finish my homework yesterday.
the boy did not go to a restaurant.
the sawyers did not live at king street a year ago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, i did. no, i didn』t.
yes, he did. no, he didn』t.
yes, they did. no, they did not.
4. 現在完成時
構成：主語+助動詞h**e, has+過去分詞done
用法：1) 表示過去發生的和現在有某種聯絡的動作，常和just, usually, already, since等時間副詞連用
i h**e just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)
he has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)
they h**e already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
the boy has already read the book. (已經知道書的內容了，不用再看了)
2) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現在完成時：
h**e you finished your homework?
h**e you been to beijing?
h**e he seen the film?
3) 表示開始於過去並持續到現在的動作
i h**e lived in beijing for twenty years.
i h**e worked for this school for 1 year.
4) 表示一種經歷，經驗：去過…地方，做過…事情，經歷過…事情
i h**e never had a bath.
i h**e never seen a film.
i h**e never been to cinema.
i h**e ever been to paris.
h**e been to表示去過，h**e gone to 表示去了
i h**e been to london.(人已經回來)
he has gone to london.(人還在那裡)
5) 表示一種結果， 一般不和時間副詞聯用
i h**e lost my pen.
i h**e hurt myself.
he has become a teacher.
she has broken my heart.
句型變化：
★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞後面加not.
h**e you lost your pen? i h**e not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, i h**e. no, i h**e not.
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