中考英語語法之基本詞類

2022-12-11 04:39:02 字數 4495 閱讀 5010

1、——名詞

名詞的數

1、可數名詞與不可數名詞

a、不可數名詞,初中階段常見的不可數名詞有:water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; *****(紙) ; time(時間); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(魚肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可數或不可數). 不可數名詞應注意以下幾點:

1)前無數、冠,後無複數;作主語為三單.

2)表量用約數some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短語

eg. there is ____ bread on the table. a.

a b. one c. a piece of d.

many

there is some_______ on the plate. a. apple b. fish c. milks d. deer

2、可數名詞的複數

a、不規則變化:man—men ; woman—women ;child—childrenpoliceman—policemen

englishman—englishmen frenchman—frenchmenfoot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice

b、規則變化

1)s; sh; ch; x 結尾加 es 讀 [iz]

2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 結尾加 s

eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz]

3)f (fe) 結尾則變f(fe)為v加es---讀[vz]

eg. knives [naivz]

4) 「輔+y」結尾變y為i加es 清就清[s]

5)一般加s濁就濁[z]

eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz]

但注意以下幾點:

① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes

② 單復同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; chinese ; japanese

③ 由man , woman在詞首構成的復合名詞應將兩部分都變成複數

man doctor — men doctors

④ reef—reefs

⑤ 「某國人」的複數:中日不變英法變,其餘s加後面. eg. german—germans

⑥ people , police 常用單數形式表示複數概念 the police are looking for the missing boy.

3、名詞所有格:名詞』s (意思是 「……的」)

a.有生命的名詞所有格,一般在後加「』s」但注意:

1)表兩者共有則在後者加「』s」

lucy and lily』s father 露西和莉莉的父親

lucy』s and lily』s fathers露西的父親和莉莉的父親.

2)以s結尾的詞只加「 』 」

eg. 1) the boys』 books 2) james』 father

3)無生命的名詞所有格用of來引導

eg. the leg of the desk

4)雙重所有格:a friend of my father』s

a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )

練習一、寫出下列詞的複數

______ _______ ________

______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____

二、選擇正確的答案

( )1.—are thoseno, they aren』t. they』re _____.

a. sheep ; cows b. sheep ; cow c. sheeps ; cow d. sheeps ; cows

( ) i』m quite thirsty. please give me ____.

a. two orange b. two bottles of orange c.

two bottles orange d. two bottles of oranges

( ) h**e got ___ news from my friend. do you want to know?

a. a very good b. any c. a piece of d. two pieces

( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.

a. lucy and lily b. lucy and lily』s c. lucy』s and lily d. lucy』s and lily』s

( ) morning mr. smith takes a ____ to his office.

a. 20 minutes』 walk b. 20 minute』s walk c. 20-minutes walk d. 20-minute walk

( ) is james allan green. we can call him ____.

a. mr. green b. mr. allan c. mr. james d. james green

( ) and tom are ____.

a. good friends b. good friend c. a good friend d. good a friend

( ) only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.

a. minutes b. minute』s c. minutes』 d. minute

( ) often has ____ for breakfast.

a. two breads b. two piece of breads c.

two pieces of bread d. two pieces of breads

( ) green has two ____. they』re very bright.

a. childs b. child c. children』s d. children

( ) did the headmaster say about jim』s ______.

a. two months holiday b. two months』 holiday c.

two-month holiday d. two month』s holidays

( ) won』t go there with you, for i h**e a lot of ____ to do.

a. works b. job c. work d. working

( ) lei is a friend of ___.

a. i sisterb. my sister』s c. me sister d. my sister of

( ) you read ____?

a. today』sb. today ***** c. the today』s ***** d. today』s *****

( ) many ___ are there in the room?

a. boxes b. box c. boxs d. boxxes

( ) ____ h**e been built in our city since 1987.

a. factorysb. factories c. factoryesd. factorys

( ) are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .

a. tomatos b. tomato c. tomatoes d. tomatoss

( ) cat caught two ___ last night.

a. mouses b. mice c. mouse d. mices

( ) went to h**e two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.

a. tooths b. tooth c. teeth d. toothes

( ) our school there are fifty-five ___.

a. women teachers b. woman teachers c. women teacher d. woman』s teacher

( ) three ___ will be put into prison.

a. thiefs b. thief c. thieves d. thiefs』

2、——冠詞

1、不定冠詞a, an ,表泛指

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