高中語法大全

2022-11-21 23:57:03 字數 4674 閱讀 8427

1. 動詞不定式是由「to+do」構成,為非謂語動詞,在句子不能單獨作謂語, would you like me to come to dinner tonight?

2. 動詞不定式有名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞的特徵。在句子可作主語、表語、定、賓語、補語和狀語。

同時,不定式還有動詞的特徵,它又可以帶有自己的賓語和狀語,可以帶有自己的主語而構成不定式短語。

to say is one thing, and to do it is quite another.

he decided to visit the family on friday night.

for him to draw such a picture isn『t easy.

for him為不定式to draw的邏輯主語。但不是句子的真正主語。

3、不定式作主語

to love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.

to talk to him is to talk to a wall.(和他談話是對牛彈琴)。

當作主語的不定式短語較長時,常用it作形式主語而將真正的主語(不定式定語)放在謂語之後。

it is hard/easy/important/necessary/difficult/impossible/possible/necessary/

for sb to do sth.

it is kind/careful/impolite/polite/right/wrong/wise/cruel/nice/clever/foolish/silly/wise/rude/selfish/thoughtful(深思的)/thoughtless(欠考慮的)/br**e/considerate(考慮周到的)/silly/rude of sb to do sth.

4、不定式作表語

(1)、一般緊跟在系動詞如be, seem, remain,appear,get等後面,用來說明主語的內容。

my wish is to be a teacher.

what i want to do seems to tell you something.

(2)、one』s dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty以及what one wants to do+be+不定式(作表語):表示主語的具體內容。

主語(人)+be+不定式(作表語):表將來時。

he is to clean the room.

his plan is to clean the room.

5、不定式作賓語。

a.作動賓(只接to do):

agree/aim(目的在於)/appear/ask(要求)care (願意)/arrange/ask/attempt/beg/begin/choose/claim(聲稱)/continue/dare/decline(謝絕)/deserve(值得)/decide/demand(要求)/desire(渴望)/desire/expect(預料,盼望,認為)/desire(希望)/determine/fail(未能)/happen(碰巧)/hope/manage(設法)/except(期望)/fear(害怕)/forget/intend(打算)/learn(學會)/mean(想要)

(意欲)/need/offer(試圖) /long/plan/prepare/pretend/promise/prove/refuse/seem/want/ wish/afford/seek(試圖)

would you care to visit us this weekend?

do.it +adj+to do sth.

d.為了避免重複,作賓語的不定式第二次出現時往往省略,而只保留不定式符號to. want/wish/hope/like/hate/plan/try/love/hate/intend/mean/be going to/would like(love) to.

以及 h**e to/ought to/need/be able to

shanghai isn』t the city as it used to .

i planned to come but i was』t able to.

e.不定式作介賓。

可作but,except,besides等介詞的賓語。

若but, except, besides前面是其他動詞時,介詞後接帶to的不定式;若前面有實義動詞do及其各種形式時,介詞後面的不定式可以省略。

what do you like to do besides play balls?

i had nothing to do except watch tv.

f.介詞instead of前後兩個成分必須對等,若前面乙個成分為乙個不定式,後面的不定式就可以省略to.

i want to watch tv instead of do my homework.

g. 不定式可以作某些形容詞(包括已變成形容詞的分詞)的賓語。如:

ready(準備好), eager(急於),anxious(急於),able(能夠),sure(一定),glad,sorry,afraid,free(隨意), pleased,determined(決心),willing(願意).afraid,careful, likely(可能的), lucky, prepared(願意的), foolish

he g**e me free access to his library.

他讓我隨意進他的藏書室。

be careful not to fall.

the train is likely to be late.

i'm prepared to be friendly.

我願意和善待人。

6、不定式作定語的用法:不定式作定語時它的位置是在它所修飾的詞的後面,和其被修飾的名詞(代詞)在邏輯上有主謂關係和動賓關係。

1)、主謂關係

he is always the first one to get up.

please give me some news*****s to read.

2)、動賓關係

a、不定式動詞必須為及物動詞;

b、若為不及物動詞,則該動詞後必須和介詞連用,以使其成為及物的短語。

there are 10 more trees to plant.

please lend me something to write with.

please give me a piece to ***** to write on.

但當不定式修飾的詞是place,time,way時,不定式後邊的介詞可以省略。

he has no place to live (in).

there ia no way to talk. 不應該這樣談話。

there is no time to think (about) .

c.不定式修飾something,anything,nothing時:

something/anything/nothing(+形容詞)+不定式

do you h**e anything to read?

do you h**e anything interesting to read?

3)、 不定式作定語時,有時用主動語態表示被動含義。

a. there is something to do… 句型。

there is a letter to write.

如果句子的主語不是不定式的邏輯主語,不定式就要用被動語態來表示。

i』m going to the post office, for i h**e a letter to post.

a. liming , i』m going to the post office . i know you h**e an important letter to post.

b. thank you. but i h**e no letters to be posted now.

b. 當不定式修飾等動詞的賓語,而句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語時用主動語態表示被動含義。

we h**e no homework to do.

i want a book to read.

c. 當不定式修飾buy,get,give等動詞的直接賓語,而間接賓語是不定式的邏輯主語時,用主動語態表示被動含義。

please buy me some books to read.

i』ll give me some novels to read on the journey.

7、不定式作狀語的用法:

表示目的、原因,有時也表示結果。另外,當副詞用的不定式也可以修飾形容詞。

1)、表原因

修飾表示感情的形容詞和過去分詞:angry, anxious, clever, content

(滿意的),delighted

(高興的), disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate(幸運的), frightened, glad, happy, lucky, pleased, proud, ready, rude,right,wrong,sorry, surprised, willing, wrothy, unfortunate,willing, worthy(樂意的).以及感情以外的形容詞,且這類句子的主語可以是人,也可以是物。如:

comfortable,difficult,easy,good,hard,pleasant等。

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